Tveðo
Introduction
Tveðo is a Dravidian language spoken in Lõis's Madagascar. It is inspired by Welsh, chemical names and Medh Nghêl.
- 1-10: ont, rhant, mwnt, nant, aent, awr, êzh, eᴛh, ompath, path
- 20-100: îrffath, mwffath, nawsffath, aeffath, awrffath, êzhffath, eᴛhffath, toɴhwr, nwr
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Tveðo nouns decline in 7 cases and two numbers. The declension system is rather complex as each noun displays several different principal parts and and ending allomorphs also vary based on the noun.
| General noun paradigm | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | [0] | [2]c(h)aʟ |
| Accusative | [1]i or [1]ae | [2]c(h)aʟi |
| Genitive | [3] + nasal mutation | [2]c(h)eʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | [1]ych | [2]c(h)aʟych |
| Locative | [1]ol | [2]c(h)aʟol |
| Ablative | [1]ynol | [2]c(h)aʟynol |
| Instrumental | [3]il | [2]c(h)eʟil |
The declension is best illustrated with example nouns:
| pawl 'kind' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | pawl | pawlchaʟ |
| Accusative | pawli | pawlchaʟi |
| Genitive | pawl + nasal mutation | pawlcheʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | pawlych | pawlchaʟych |
| Locative | pawlol | pawlchaʟol |
| Ablative | pawlynol | pawlchaʟynol |
| Instrumental | pawlil | pawlcheʟil |
| mara 'tree' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | mara | marancaʟ |
| Accusative | marathi | marancaʟi |
| Genitive | mareth + nasal mutation | maranceʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | marathych | marancaʟych |
| Locative | marathol | marancaʟol |
| Ablative | marathynol | marancaʟynol |
| Instrumental | marethil | maranceʟil |
| maga 'son' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | maga | magancaʟ |
| Accusative | magani | magancaʟi |
| Genitive | magen + nasal mutation | maganceʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | maganych | magancaʟych |
| Locative | maganol | magancaʟol |
| Ablative | maganynol | magancaʟynol |
| Instrumental | magenil | maganceʟil |
| myᴛhi 'egg' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | myᴛhi | myᴛhichaʟ |
| Accusative | myᴛhiae | myᴛhichaʟi |
| Genitive | myᴛhi + nasal mutation | myᴛhicheʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | myᴛhich | myᴛhichaʟych |
| Locative | myᴛhiol | myᴛhichaʟol |
| Ablative | myᴛhinol | myᴛhichaʟynol |
| Instrumental | myᴛhiil | myᴛhicheʟil |
| gwîᴅ 'house' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | gwîᴅ | gwîᴛhcaʟ |
| Accusative | gwîᴛhi | gwîᴛhcaʟi |
| Genitive | gwîᴛh + nasal mutation | gwîᴛhceʟ + nasal mutation |
| Dative | gwîᴛhych | gwîᴛhcaʟych |
| Locative | gwîᴛhol | gwîᴛhcaʟol |
| Ablative | gwîᴛhynol | gwîᴛhcaʟynol |
| Instrumental | gwîᴛhil | gwîᴛhceʟil |
Adjectives
Adjectives do not agree with nouns but are conjugated like verbs in predicative position. Attributive adjectives are unmarked.
Examples of attributive adjectives:
- nall 'good'; peri 'big'; cinh 'small'; pazhae 'old'; pydi 'new'
Conjugation of predicative adjectives (present tense):
| Personal endings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | -en | -o |
| 2 | -ae | -iaʟ |
| 3.c | -or | -oʟ |
| 3.n | -ad | -an |
- 1sg: nallen; perien
- 2sg: nallae; periae
- 3sg.c: nallor; perior
- 3sg.n: nallad; periad
- 1pl: nallo; perio
- 2pl: nalliaʟ, periaʟ
- 3pl.c: nalloʟ, perioʟ
- 3pl.n: nallan, perian
Verbs
Adjectives do not agree with nouns but are conjugated like verbs in predicative position. Attributive adjectives are unmarked.
Examples of attributive adjectives:
- nall 'good'; peri 'big'; cinh 'small'; pazhae 'old'; pydi 'new'
Conjugation of sei- 'do':
| Non-past | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | sei·b·en | sei·b·o |
| 2 | sei·b·ae | sei·b·iaʟ |
| 3.c | sei·b·or | sei·b·oʟ |
| 3.n | sei·b·ad | sei·b·an |
Conjugation of sei- 'do' (past):
| Past | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | sei·d·en | sei·d·o |
| 2 | sei·d·ae | sei·d·iaʟ |
| 3.c | sei·d·or | sei·d·oʟ |
| 3.n | sei·d·ad | sei·d·an |