Grammar
Pronouns
The following pronouns were used:
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Masc.
|
Neut.
|
Fem.
|
Them.
|
Masc.
|
Neut.
|
Fem.
|
Them.
|
Nominative
|
*shig
|
*e
|
*far
|
*ja
|
*su
|
*tud
|
*sir
|
*ris
|
*tuj
|
*tur
|
*tiraj
|
*rini
|
Accusative
|
*amí
|
*esmí
|
*fí
|
*vos
|
*tum
|
*tir
|
*rim
|
*tuns
|
*tires
|
*rines
|
Genitive
|
*míne
|
*eso
|
*tíve
|
*shɔso
|
*sɔfó
|
*iser
|
*rincho
|
*tisom
|
*tirom
|
*rinom
|
Dative
|
*mísho
|
*esmej
|
*phájo
|
*fasmej
|
*smój
|
*rij
|
*rinej
|
*tujmɔf
|
*timɔf
|
*rimos
|
Ablative
|
*míd
|
*esmed
|
*fíd
|
*fasmed
|
*smód
|
*rind
|
*tujos
|
*turos
|
Locative
|
*muáj
|
*esmaj
|
*tuáj
|
*fasmaj
|
*smaj
|
*raj
|
*rinch
|
*chɔ
|
*tishɔ
|
*rinchɔ
|
Instrumental
|
*esmáj
|
*fasmo
|
*tuj
|
*rinar
|
*tushphaj
|
*tiphaj
|
*rinash
|
Comitative
|
*amík
|
*esmík
|
*fíkom
|
*voskom
|
*tərom
|
*turom
|
*turom
|
*rimom
|
*tunsom
|
*turom
|
*tirəm
|
*riskom
|
Illative
|
*míshor
|
*esmen
|
*phájor
|
*fasmen
|
*smósh
|
*shin
|
*rinchar
|
*tujman
|
*turon
|
*rinchen
|
Case declension
Nouns and adjectives were declined for case, number, and gender. The cases were identical for both the nouns and the adjectives.
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
Masc.
|
Neut.
|
Fem.
|
Them.
|
Masc.
|
Neut.
|
Fem.
|
Them.
|
Nominative
|
*-(a)m
|
*-∅/-e
|
*-(a)s
|
*-(a)sh
|
*-e
|
*-(a)r
|
*-esh
|
*-e
|
Accusative
|
*-(a)m
|
*-es
|
*-es
|
Genitive
|
*-(a)s
|
*-sho
|
*-om
|
Dative
|
*-ej
|
*-mos
|
Ablative
|
*-(a)d
|
*-(a)s
|
*-(a)d
|
Locative
|
*-ej
|
*-(a)j
|
*-sɔ
|
*-shɔ
|
Instrumental
|
*-(a)r
|
*-phaj
|
*-(a)sh
|
Comitative
|
*-mom
|
*-kom
|
*-shom
|
*-mom
|
*-skom
|
*-shom
|
*-shom
|
*-skom
|
Illative
|
*-shar
|
*-shen
|
*-shar
|
*-shen
|
Verb phrases
Person/number conjugation
|
Athematic
|
Thematic
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Sing.
|
Pl.
|
Past
|
*-ɔm
|
*-ɔmí
|
*-as
|
*-etí
|
*-at
|
*-and
|
*-om
|
*-ome
|
*-es
|
*-ete
|
*-ed
|
*-ond
|
Present
|
*-ma
|
*-mos
|
*-sa
|
*-te
|
*-ta
|
*-anch
|
*-o
|
*-om
|
*-ash
|
*-et
|
*-omo
|
*-onch
|