Dzetcavu
Introduction
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voicless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | |||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f /f/ | s /s/ | c /ʃ/ | x /x/ | |
| voiced | v /v/ | z /z/ | j /ʒ/ | ĝ /ɣ/ | ||
| Trill | r /r/ | |||||
| Lateral Approximant | l /l/ | |||||
| Affricate | voiceless | ps /ps/ pc /pʃ/ pf /pf/ |
ts /ts/ tc /tʃ/ |
ks /ks/ kc /kʃ/ | ||
| voiced | bz /bz/ bj /bʒ/ bv /bv/ |
dz /dz/ dj /dʒ/ |
gz /gz/ gj /gʒ/ | |||
Vowels
| Front | Back | Diphthongs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i /i/ | u /u/ | ui /ui/ |
| Near-Close | ī /ɪ/ | ||
| Close-Mid | e /e/ | o /o/ | ei /ei/ |
| Open | a /a/ | ai /ai/ |
Orthography
Romanized Alphabet
Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a
п б т д к г м н р ф в с з ш ж х я л и у й е о а
Syntax
Word Order
- VOS/VPA
- Modifier second
Morphology
Morphosyntactic Alignment
- Ergative-Absolutive
Verbs
Tense
Tenses in Dzetcavu are indicated by tense particles proceeding the verb except for the present tense, indicated by the lack of tense particles . There are five tense particles: past, near past, future, near future, and the infinite.
Past
псио
Near Past
сега
Future
дегз
Near Future
шодз
Infinite
датшй
The Infinite Particle
The infinite "tense" particle is not so much a tense marker as a lack-of-tense marker. The infinite tense is used most often when stating facts or making promises and oaths. Any other situation where tense is not a factor, the infinite tense is used. It can also be used to make emphasize a declaration of some sort such as a declaration of faith, love, or guilt.
Imperative Mood
-ij Verbs
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st Person | -i | -iac | -ri | -ric | -ni | -nic |
| 2nd Person | -iz | -ita | -riz | -rita | -niz | -niza |
| 3rd Person | -ize | -izev | -rize | -riv | -nize | -niv |
-uj Verbs
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st Person | -u | -uīc | -ru | -ruc | -nu | -nuc |
| 2nd Person | -uz | -utī | -ruz | -rut | -nuz | -nut |
| 3rd Person | -uzī | -uzīv | -ruzī | -ruv | -nuzī | -nuv |
-īj Verbs
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st Person | -ī | -īc | -rī | -rīc | -nī | -nīc |
| 2nd Person | -īz | -īt | -rīz | -rīt | -nīz | -nīt |
| 3rd Person | -īze | -īv | -rīze | -rīv | -nīze | -nīv |
-ej Verbs
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st Person | -e | -ec | -re | -rec | -ne | -nec |
| 2nd Person | -ez | -eta | -rez | -ret | -nez | -net |
| 3rd Person | -eze | -ezev | -reze | -rev | -neze | -nev |
Nouns
Pronominal Open Class Words
Dzetcavu doesn't have any official pronouns. Instead, titles or a person's name are used to refer to who is being spoken to or about. The person that each title is under doesn't have to be used strictly in that person.
| Title | Formality | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| First Person | ||
| xes | general | "speaker" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically |
| Second Person | ||
| bai | general | "audience" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically |
| ines | informal | "acquaintance" |
| bvīrtoc | private | "female-mate" used to refer to a female companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with |
| adjutoc | private | "male-mate" used to refer to a male companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with |
| Third Person | ||
| tuct | general | "person" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically |
| gois | general | "thing" best approximation of "it" and is used to anything without a consciousness including objects, and ideas |
| īska | general | "thing" used to refer to anything with a consciousness such as people and animals |
| epsī | general | "object" used to refer to some physical object |
Sample Texts
Sentences
Tezu pcak.
Тезу пшак.
“I see [the] sky.”
Vakri datcī bai.
Вакри датшй баи.
“I love you.” (declaration)
Tezu xes.
Тезу хес.
“I see myself.”
Vakri nosītc xesdev bai.
Вакри носйтш хесдев баи.
“I love you with my heart.”
Vakri xesov.
Вакри хесов.
“I love us.”
Tezu lubzīr xesdev.
Тезу лубзйр хесдев.
“I see my nose.”
Modkrī tezuj bai.
Модкрй тезуж баи.
“I am wishing to see you”.
Adric tceks.
Адриш тшекс.
“We are drinking water.”