Hondish

Hondish
hunnech
Pronunciation	[hynəx]
Created by	User:Uspesny mekkys
Date	2022
Language family	Indo-European Celtic Insular Celtic Hondish
Official status
Official language in	Hondey

Hondish (hunnech) is a Celtic language spoken on the island of Hondey (Hondish: Hunne) in the North Sea. It is closely related to other living Celtic languages and forms its own distinct group in the Insular Celtic language group. Thorought history it has been significantly influenced by the Germanic languages, most notably Old Norse and its descendants, North Germanic languages as well as West Germanic languages, namely Dutch and to a lesser degree English. These influences manifest primarily in Hondish vocabulary and phonology, its morphology and syntax have been less affected.

Phonology

Consonants

			Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar/Uvular	Glottal
Nasal			m ⟨m⟩			n ⟨n⟩		ɲ ⟨ņ⟩	ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive		voiceless	p ⟨p⟩			t ⟨t⟩			k ⟨k⟩
		voiced	b ⟨b⟩			d ⟨d⟩			(g ⟨gh⟩)
Fricative	sibillant	voiceless				s ⟨s⟩	ʃ ⟨sc⟩	ɕ ⟨chj⟩	x ⟨ch⟩	h ⟨h⟩
		voiced				z ⟨z⟩	ʒ ⟨zc⟩		ɣ ⟨g⟩
	non-sibillant	voiceless		f ⟨f⟩	θ ⟨th⟩			ç ⟨hj⟩
		voiced		v ⟨v⟩	ð ⟨dh⟩
Affricate		voiceless				ts ⟨ts⟩	tʃ ⟨tsc⟩
		voiced				dz ⟨ds⟩	dʒ ⟨dsc⟩
Approximant								j ⟨j⟩	w ⟨w⟩
Lateral						l ⟨l⟩		ʎ ⟨ļ⟩
Rhotic						r ⟨r⟩

Vowels

Stressed vowels

Monophthongs

	Front				Back
	unrounded		rounded		unrounded		rounded
	long	short	long	short	long	short	long	short
High	(i: ⟨îe⟩)	ɪ ⟨i⟩	y: ⟨ûe⟩	ʏ ⟨u⟩	ɤ: ⟨âoe⟩	ɤ ⟨ao⟩	u: ⟨òe⟩	(ʊ ⟨ò⟩)
Mid	e: ⟨êe⟩	ɛ ⟨e⟩	ø: ⟨ø̂e⟩	œ ⟨ø⟩			o: ⟨ôe⟩	ɔ ⟨o⟩
Low		a ⟨a⟩			ɑ: ⟨ae⟩

Falling diphthongs

	ə	ʊ	ɪ
i:	i:ə̯ ⟨iea⟩	i:u̯ ⟨ieu⟩
e:	e:ə̯ ⟨eea⟩	e:u̯ ⟨eeu⟩
y:	y:ə̯ ⟨uea⟩
ø:	ø:ə̯ ⟨øea⟩	ø:u̯ ⟨øeu⟩
ɤ:	ɯ:ə̯ ⟨aoa⟩	ɯ:u̯ ⟨aou⟩
u:	u:ə̯ ⟨òea⟩
o:	o:ə̯ ⟨oea⟩
ɪ		ɪu̯ ⟨iu⟩
ɛ	ɛə̯ ⟨ea⟩	ɛu̯ ⟨eu⟩	eɪ̯ ⟨y, ie⟩
œ	œə̯ ⟨øa⟩	œu̯ ⟨ue⟩
ʏ	ʏə̯ ⟨ua⟩	ʏu̯ ⟨uu⟩
ɔ	ɔə̯ ⟨oa⟩	ou̯ ⟨ou⟩

Rising diphthongs

Front		Back
unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
ɪ̯e ⟨ee⟩	ʏ̯ø ⟨øe⟩	ɯ̯ɤ ⟨aoe⟩	ʊ̯o ⟨oe⟩

Unstressed vowels

Monophthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded		unrounded	rounded
High	ɪ ⟨i⟩				ʊ ⟨u⟩
Mid	ɛ ⟨e, ee⟩	œ ⟨ø⟩	ə ⟨e⟩	ɤ ⟨ao⟩	ɔ ⟨o⟩
Low			ɑ ⟨a⟩

Falling dipththong

	ə	ʊ
e	eə̯ ⟨ea⟩	eʊ̯ ⟨eu⟩
ø	øə̯ ⟨øa⟩	øʊ̯ ⟨øu⟩
ɤ	ɤə̯ ⟨aoa⟩	ɤʊ̯ ⟨aou⟩
o	oə̯ ⟨oa⟩	oʊ̯ ⟨ou⟩

Consonant mutations

Like in other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.

Initial consonant mutations

Radical	Initial mutations			Internal mutations
	Lenition	Aspiration	Nasalisation	Lenition	Aspiration	Nasalisation
p	b	f	b	b	f	hm
b	v	p	m	v	p	m
t	d	θ	d	d	θ	hn
ts	dz	θj	dz	dz	θj	hɲ
d	ð	t	n	ð	t	n
dz	ðj	ts	ɲ	ðj	ts	ɲ
k	ɣ	x	ɣ	ɣ	x	hŋ
tʃ	ʒ	ɕ	ʒ	ʒ	ɕ	hɲ
ɣ	∅	k	ŋ	∅	k	ŋ
ʒ	j	tʃ	ɲ	j	tʃ	ɲ
	ç	ʃ		ç	ʃ
z	h	s		h	s
s	z		z	z		z
ʃ	ʒ		ʒ	ʒ		ʒ
x	∅		∅	∅		∅
ɕ	j		j	j		j
f	h			h
v	w	f		w	f
vj	j	fj		j	fj
m	w			w	hm
mj	j			j	hmj
n					hn
ɲ					hɲ
j		dj	ɲ		dj	ɲ
		gj			gj
w		gw	ŋ		gw	ŋ
l					hl	ml
ʎ					hʎ	mʎ
r					hr	mr
rj					hrj	mrj
h
ç

Syntax