Indeyivroplu
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Indeyivroplu (indėvroplu / индевроплу 🔊), also known as Indevroplu, is a personal constructed language (conlang) that is classifiable as both an engineered and auxiliary language due to its goals of maintaining an absolute logic in structure, and reforming connections between all living branches of the Indo-European (I.E.) language family. In aspiration of this, the vocabulary of Indeyivroplu is almost entirely a posteriori, rooted from the following languages: Persian, Spanish, German, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Welsh (in decreasing order of prevalence). There are however some morphemes (word roots) loaned from non-I.E. languages, and even a few unique a priori roots. I first published my work on this conlang in 2024, and still continue to expand its vocabulary.
The structure of Indeyivroplu is holistically a mixture between common Indo-European patterns and a few inspirations received from other world languages and conlangs. It is a synthetic language, notable for its inflections based on part of speech, frequent agglutination (compounding of words), and lack of grammatical gender, cases, or articles.
| Indeyivroplu | |
|---|---|
| indėvroplu индевроплу | |
| Pronunciation | [in.d̪ɪ̞ˈvɾɔ.pʰlu̞] |
| Created by | Palachu |
| Date | 2017-2025 |
| Setting | fictional; southeastern Europe |
Indo-European
| |
Orthography
| Order | Letter-Latin | Letter-Cyrillic | IPA Equiv. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aa | Аа | [a] |
| 2 | Bb | Бб | [b] |
| 3 | Dd | Дд | [d̪] |
| 4 | Ee | Ээ | [ɛ] |
| 5 | Ėė | Ее | [ɪ̞] |
| 6 | Ff | Фф | [f] |
| 7 | Gg | Гг | [g] |
| 8 | Ğğ | Ғғ | [ɣ] |
| 9 | Hh | Ҳҳ | [h] |
| 10 | Ii | Ии | [i] |
| 11 | Jj | Йй | [j] |
| 12 | Kk | Кк | [kʰ] |
| 13 | Ll | Лл | [l] |
| 14 | Mm | Мм | [m] |
| 15 | Nn | Нн | [n] |
| 16 | Ňň | Ңң | [ŋ] |
| 17 | Oo | Оо | [ɔ] |
| 18 | Pp | Пп | [pʰ] |
| 19 | Rr | Рр | [ɾ],[r]¬ |
| 20 | Ss | Сс | [s] |
| 21 | Šš | Шш | [ʃ] |
| 22 | Tt | Тт | [t̪ʰ] |
| 23 | Uu | Уу | [u̞] |
| 24 | Vv | Вв | [v] |
| 25 | Xx | Хх | [χ] |
| 26 | Zz | Зз | [z] |
| 27 | Žž | Жж | [ʒ] |
Each of the 6 vowels can be written with an extra diacritic (aeėiou → áéëíóú) to indicate stress over a syllable when not following the default stress pattern. This is however optional and often omitted, because no two words/morphemes are distinguished only by stress.
¬use second IPA value if <r> is geminated
Beyond Latin and Cyrillic, there is also a unique featural script created for Indeyivroplu.
Phonology
Standard Indeyivroplu has a perfectly phonemic orthography, where one grapheme always corresponds to one phoneme and vice versa, without morphophonological effects. Note that all three unvoiced plosives are always aspirated.
Consonants
IPA Consonant Chart w/ Audio (Wikipedia)
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Denti-alveolar | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pʰ b | t̪ʰ d̪ | kʰ g | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | ɣ | χ | h | ||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Lateral Approx. | l | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | <--> | Central | <--> | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ||||
| Near-Close | u̞ | ||||
| Close-Mid | ɪ̞ | ||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Near-Open | |||||
| Open | a |
Prosody
When pronouncing words, the division between syllables in the case of a consonant cluster at a syllable boundary is done by equally splitting the consonants if an even cluster, or putting 1 more consonant in the 2nd syllable if an odd cluster. The only exception to this method is with glides (see "Phonotactics" below).
Stress
Word stress in Indeyivroplu falls by default on the final closed syllable. Based on the part-of-speech inflections, this equates to the ultimate syllable for verbs, and the penultimate for all else. An earlier syllable can be stressed instead, but only through the usage of a diacritic (á,é,ë,í,ó,ú). Monosyllabic words receive primary stress.
- pre - [ˈpʰɾɛ]
- andir - [anˈd̪iɾ]
- gišera - [giˈʃɛ.ɾa]
- prėğnorjėr - [pʰɾɪ̞.ɣnɔˈɾjɪ̞ɾ]
- nėkonlunkora - [nɪ̞.kʰɔn.lu̞nˈkʰɔ.ɾa]
- húndatğramju - [ˈhu̞n.d̪at̪ʰ.ɣɾa.mju̞]
- luskorzorkėgiohu - [lu̞s.kʰɔɾ.zɔɾ.kʰɪ̞.giˈɔ.hu̞]
Intonation
Stress in Indeyivroplu is realised as a dynamic accent, meaning loudness is the distinguishing factor as opposed to tonality.
Phonotactics
Indeyivroplu has quite a high level of freedom when it comes to phonotactics, meaning that it allows a variety of consonant clusters. There are 3 rules governing the scenarios where consonant clusters are permitted to break the Sonority Sequencing Principle:
- = A single syllable may contain multiple adjacent nasals, fricatives, or plosives, as long as two of the same phoneme (disregarding voicedness) don’t occur adjacently within the syllable.
- = <r> placed directly after a nasal, fricative, or plosive when in the syllable coda will make those two consonants behave as a single unit together, but <r> cannot be followed by another consonant in that syllable.
- = Fricatives and stops are both regarded as if having the same priority ranking, and therefore may be placed interchangeably in a cluster.
Additionally, there is a 4th phonotactic rule:
- Individual morphemes (word stems) must always end in a consonant. Thus when a morpheme ends in a front vowel in its original language, it converts to <j>, while a final back vowel becomes <h>.
- This rule exists to more clearly mark the start of an inflection in a word, since all inflections begin with a vowel or semivowel.
Morphology
Inflection
Words in Indeyivroplu are inflected for part of speech. In this manner, all words consist of base morphemes which are given one of the following suffixes: -u (noun), -a (adjective), -i (adverb), -e (preposition/conjunction), -o (pronoun), -ė (interjection), -ir (infinitive verb).
- prend- = related to comprehension
- prendu = understanding (n.)
- prendir = to understand (inf. v.)
- prenda = understood (adj.)
- prendi = understandingly (adv.)
- prendė = OK / understood (intj.)
- loğ- = related to reason
- loğu = reason, logic (n.)
- loğe = because (conj.)
- loğa = logical (adj.)
- loği = logically (adv.)
- loğir = reason (inf. v.)
- m- = related to 1st person
- mo = I, me (pron.)
- ma = my (adj.)
Conjugation
Verbs in Indeyivroplu conjugate according to 3 persons, 2 numbers, 3 tenses, and 5 moods. Refer to the below conjugation tables:
1P = I/we; 2P = you; 3P = they || sg. = singular; pl. = plural
| Infinitive | ||
|---|---|---|
| -ir |
| FORMAL | INFORMAL | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||||||
| Past | Present | Future | Past | Present | Future | ||||
| 1P | sg. | -araz | -ar | -arax | -az | -ar | -ax | ||
| pl. | -jaraz | -jar | -jarax | -jaz | -jar | -jax | |||
| 2P | sg. | -uruz | -ur | -urux | -uz | -ur | -ux | ||
| pl. | -juruz | -jur | -jurux | -juz | -jur | -jux | |||
| 3P | sg. | -ėrėz | -ėr | -ėrėx | -ėz | -ėr | -ėx | ||
| pl. | -jėrėz | -jėr | -jėrėx | -jėz | -jėr | -jėx | |||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| 1P | sg. | -arf | -af | ||||||
| pl. | -jarf | -jaf | |||||||
| 2P | sg. | -urf | -uf | ||||||
| pl. | -jurf | -juf | |||||||
| 3P | sg. | -ėrf | -ėf | ||||||
| pl. | -jėrf | -jėf | |||||||
| Gerund | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -end + (conjug.) | ||||
| Subjunctive | ||||
| -sj + (conjug.) | ||||
| Conditional | ||||
| -šp + (conjug.) | ||||
| Interrogative | ||||
| megėj- + (verb stem) + (conjug.) |
Subjunctive is normally indicated in English by the word "if," and conditional is indicated by "would." The subjunctive and conditional moods are related in that both deal with hypothetical situations, where conditional is dependent on subjunctive. For details refer to: Grammatical Mood.
Not included here is the past participle form because it is treated in Indeyivroplu as an adjective, with the suffix "-ka"
The interrogative mood using the prefix megėj is used in all question sentences that do not contain question words, all of which begin with tšė.
Syntax
Loanword Adaptation
Approximately 93% of all word stems in Indeyivroplu are from natural languages, and around 78% total are of Indo-European origin. When loaning any word, research was done into its etymology in an effort to loan only the base morpheme, leading to them not always being immediately recognizable. Here are some examples:
- ips- is the word stem relating to "high/height", loaned from Greek ψηλός (psilós) "high", but made to reflect the more basic root ύψος (ípsos) "height".
- soň- is the word stem relating to "sleep", loaned from Spanish sueño "sleep" (n.), but made to reflect the more basic root soñar, even if in Spanish it changes meanings to "dream" (v.).
Indeyivroplu implores a strictly phonetic system for the adaptation of loanwords, rather than the more internationally common phonemic method. This means that the individual phones of the word in the root language are converted to their closest approximation in Indeyivroplu systematically, while its original spelling is disregarded.
- fxas.elu [fχas] meaning "France", loaned from French "France" [fʁɑ̃s]
- dúaj.e [ˈd̪u̞.aj] meaning "through", loaned from German "durch" [dʊɐ̯ç]
- njéuh.u [ˈnjɛ.u̞h] meaning "bird", loaned from Mandarin "鳥" [ni̯ɜʊ̯²¹⁴]
- note here the 4th phonotactic rule coming into play
Agglutination
Indeyivroplu employs a frequent usage of agglutination. In the creation of the language, there was a preference towards forming new words using existing word stems rather than directly loaning the foreign word.
When making compound words there is no interfix used, so morphemes are simply placed directly after each other, with only the final morpheme being inflected.
- fligmuku ("bat") = flig.a + muk.u ("flying" + "rat")
- kajskorxonu ("laboratory") = kajs.u + kor.ir + xon.u ("trial" + "to work" + "house")
- inždora ("farthest") = inž.i + dor.a ("most" + "far")
The only cases where a non-final morpheme ever gets an interfix are for: morphemes ending in an obstruent + <r> sequence, and the 28 total "ghost-syllable" morphemes, named so because they consist of 1 syllable onset followed by -ė in all positions except word-finally. They are:
d, dj, fr, fsj, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, pr, s, sr, st, sj, šp, t, tr, tš, v, vj, xv, zd, zg, ž, žm
- stė.ob.ronir "surf" versus on.sti "then" (as opposed to on.stė.i)
- lė.jek.hu "syllable" versus elin.lu "Greek" (as opposed to elin.lė.u)
- ultrėkluga "ingenious" versus ultri "extremely" (as opposed to ultrė.i)
Constituent Order
Indeyivroplu uses the order Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), and indirect objects come before direct objects. Adjectives and adverbs directly precede the noun or verb they modify, unless a subject pronoun is attached to the verb (only in 3rd person), in which case it will go between the adverb and verb. Also, prepositions must uninterruptedly connect their subject with the object. Outside of these rules, there is some flexibility allowed in word order, especially when there are consecutive words of the same part of speech.
"I have all of your blue books."
- tenar fsja ta sina girkju.
- tenar ta fsja sina girkju.
- tenar sina ta fsja girkju.
- ...
"You drove to the office this evening because of the rain."
- loğe rígėňu etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu.
- etábėndi ronkuruz eose dafterxonu loğe rígėňu.
- ...
Vocabulary
Basics
- hello = prėvetė [pʰɾɪ̞ˈvɛt̪ʰɪ̞]
- good = guta [ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
- bad = nėguta [nɪ̞ˈgu̞t̪ʰa]
- yes = balė [ˈbalɪ̞]
- no = nė [nɪ̞]
- welcome = gutetgė [gu̞ˈt̪ʰɛt̪ʰgɪ̞]
- to go = gir [giɾ]
- to say = lir [liɾ]
- what = tšo [t̪ʃʰɔ]
- correct = pšaja [ˈpʰʃaja]
- happy = felisa [fɛˈlisa]
- thank you = seposė [sɛˈpʰɔsɪ̞]
- I know = djar [ˈd̪jaɾ]
- I don't understand = ni prendar [ˈni pʰɾɛnˈd̪aɾ]
- see you later = eosnėfrė [ɛɔsˈnɪ̞fɾɪ̞]
- language = leňgu [ˈlɛŋgu̞]
- conlang = penzleňgu [pʰɛnzˈlɛŋgu̞]
Lists
| Swadesh list subset | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| I | mo |
| you | to |
| he | opso |
| we | mėjo |
| you (pl) | tėjo |
| they | sėjo |
| this (adj) | eta |
| that (adj) | ona |
| here | eteli |
| there | oneli |
| who | tšėso |
| what (adj) | tša |
| Colors | |
|---|---|
| English | Indeyivroplu |
| black | švatsa |
| white | sefida |
| gray | grija |
| red | sorxa |
| pink | lussorxa |
| purple | porfora |
| blue | sina |
| cyan | grinsina |
| green | grina |
| yellow | gelba |
| orange | oraňžfaba |
| brown | marona |
| Numbers | |
|---|---|
| numeral | Indeyivroplu |
| 0 | nul |
| 1 | jek |
| 2 | zjoh |
| 3 | trij |
| 4 | tšahor |
| 5 | pandž |
| 6 | šeš |
| 7 | sem |
| 8 | axt |
| 9 | enun |
| 10 | deš |
| 11 | dešjek |
| 12 | dešzjoh |
| 20 | zjohdeš |
| 100 | húndat |
| 1'000 | jiljaz |
| 1'000'000 | jekėljun |
| 1×10^9 | zjohėljun |
| 1×10^12 | trijėljun |
🔊 Listen to Numbers (re-record)
Sample Sentences
Text Excerpts
- fsja umanju nasjėr lijra ve hama de diňitetu ve drejtju. sėjo samhuljėr loğu ve isikdju onve ėnderxunti gutšpi siljėr pónebe bratu. 🔊 (re-record)
- фсйа уманю насйер лийра вэ ҳама дэ диңитэту вэ дрэйтю. сейо самҳулйер лоғу вэ исикдю онвэ ендэрхунти гутшпи силйер понэбэ брату.
- "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
- Source: Universal Declaration of Human Rights; Article 1
- "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
- ve tana zėmėlu montenėrėz jek leňgu ve jek lu. ve zamone dezáusti sėjo jėzdjėrėz, pasėndozi getjėrėz rafšézafu metše Šinar-elu, onve oneli bėnakjėrėz. 🔊 (re-record)
- вэ тана земелу монтэнерез йэк лэңгу вэ йэк лу. вэ замонэ дэзаусти сейо йездйерез, пасендози гэтйерез рафшэзафу мэтшэ Шинар-элу, онвэ онэли бенакйерез.
- "And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech."
- "And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there."
- Source: King James Bible; The Tower of Babel
- meje gušakar sėjo tenjėrėz, vje mėjo, mnoga poštgėmožju, meje nėjėrėz. onve gėsjėjėrėz uste ni djėšpėjar, loğe sėjo hėšpėjėr nėpomna. 🔊 (re-record)
- мэйэ гушакар сейо тэнйерез вйэ мейо многа поштгеможю, мэйэ нейерез. онвэ гесйейерез устэ ни дйешпеяр, лоғэ сейо ҳешпейер непомна.
- "But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten."
- Source: The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers; Sam; pg. 719
- "But I expect they had lots of chances, like us, of turning back, only they didn’t. And if they had, we shouldn’t know, because they’d have been forgotten."
Famous Quotes
- lėsjur mo uste nėpomnšpar. prėomuzsjur mo uste pomnšpar. prėfigsjur mo uste omuzšpar. 🔊
- лесйур мо устэ непомншпар. преомузсйур мо устэ помншпар. префигсйур мо устэ омузшпар.
- "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
- Source: Benjamin Franklin
- "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
- sėjo dase nėpomnjėr frėzamonu losštrafjėr vėrazkir ho. 🔊 (re-record)
- сейо дасэ непомнйер фрезамону лосштрафйер веразкир ҳо.
- "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- Source: Jorge Santayana
- "Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
- ohemhu hėr ni istir djėerxir. djėbuskvolu tenėr sama hastloğu. 🔊 (re-record)
- оҳэмҳу ҳер ни истир дєэрхир. дєбускволу тэнер сама ҳастлоғу.
- "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."
- Source: Albert Einstein
- "The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing."
Indeyivroplu Resources
Resources & Documents
Indeyivroplu words on Linguifex
Typing Diacritics
Latin:
- ėğňšž | áéëíóú
- ĖĞŇŠŽ | ÁÉËÍÓÚ
Cyrillic:
- ғҳң | а́э́е́и́о́у́
- ҒҲҢ | А́Э́Е́И́О́У́
Additional Details
The meaning of the name Indeyivroplu, natively indėvroplu, is "Indo-European speech."
Setting
The fictional region in the world where Indeyivroplu would be spoken is in rural communities along part of the northern shore of the Danube river in Romania by the Bulgarian border, and is named Melézaf, transliterated to Romanian as Melezaf and Bulgarian as Мелезаф. This location was chosen because it is the calculated geographic midpoint between the capitals of the primary home nations of Indeyivroplu's eight constituent languages.
Writing Conventions
- Capitalization functions a bit differently from other languages using the Latin script, in that capitalization is only used at the start of proper names, thus the first word of an Indeyivroplu sentence will not necessarily be capitalized.
- In the formal register, a hyphen (-) should be appended at the morpheme boundary of all proper names.
- If typing diacritics is unsupported, those 5 letters of the Latin script should be written as their base form plus an apostraphe ('). For Cyrillic, the 3 special letters become their base form plus ь.
- Note that affricates do not phonemically exist in Indeyivroplu, so their equivalents are always orthographically 2 letters.
- In the specific case of an Indeyivroplu word being used as a proper noun (i.e. when translating titles of media to Indeyivroplu), the word is to be capitalized but a comma is appended instead of a hyphen.