Irengai
WIP
This is a WIP language!
Introduction
Irengai (/iːɹəŋgaɪ̯/, native /ɨɦɨ̃ŋəj/) is a language made mainly for youtuber Agma Schwa's Minecraft server, after many others have made conlangs for their respective nations. Irengai's native speakers, the Gharens, are particularly unique for marking vulgarity with their verbs and adjectives.
Phonology
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ |
| Fricative | ɸ~f | s~θ̠ | x | ħ~h |
| β~v | z~ð̠ | ɣ | ʕ~ɦ | |
| Approximant | w | l | j, ɰ | ʁ̞ʷ~ʀᵝ |
| Plain | Nasal | |
|---|---|---|
| High | ɨ | ɨ̃~i̘ˀ |
| Low | ə | ə̃~ɤ̘ˀ |
Orthography
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ng | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | q |
| Fricative | f | s | x | h |
| v | z | c | r | |
| Approximant | u (w) | l | i (j), g | y |
| Plain | Nasal | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | e |
| Low | a | u |
Stress
Stress is placed in the priority of the vowel order "ɨ, ə, ɨ̃, ə̃". From left to right, these mark the least to most priority for stress. Words like Kiyahe /kɨ.ʀᵝəˈħɨ̃/ have different stress than Uskagel /ˈə̃.θ̠kə.ɰɨ̃l/
Phonotactics
Many consonant clusters are possible in Irengai, but rules include: Consecutive consonants of the same manner / place are not allowed (example: pt, sn) Initial clusters that start with approximants are not allowed (example: jt, gs) Final clusters that end with approximants / fricatives are not allowed (example: kj, pl) Initial clusters with more than 4 consonants are not allowed (example: sklj, krnj) Clusters must be in order from back to front (example: qcl, not qfl) Clusters must be in order from raised to lowered (plosive, fricative, approximant, nasal) Clusters must not exceed 4 in length
Morphology
Nouns
| Large | Neutral | Small | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Class I (Human) | Nominative | -Vn | -VkV | -Vmi | -Vni | -VkVmi | -im | -Vnim | -VkVm | |
| Accusative | -ṼqV | -ṼqnV | -ṼqxV | -ṼqVmi | -ṼqnVmi | -ṼqxVmi | -ṼqVm | -ṼqnVm | -ṼqxVm | |
| Genitive | -ṼqsV | -ṼngV | -ṼxkV | -ṼqsVmi | -ṼngVmi | -ṼxkVmi | -ṼqsV | -ṼngVm | -ṼxkV | |
| Dative | -Ṽs | -ṼsnV | -ṼzV | -Ṽsi | -ṼsnVmi | -ṼzVmi | -Ṽs | -ṼsnVm | -ṼzV | |
| Locative | -VqṼ | -VqnṼ | -VqxṼ | -VqṼmi | -VqnṼmi | -VqxṼmi | -VqṼ | -VqnṼm | -VqxṼ | |
| Prolative | -Vs | -VsnṼ | -VzṼ | -Vsi | -VsnṼmi | -VzṼmi | -Vsim | -VsnṼm | -VzṼ | |
| Adessive | -VqsṼ | -VngṼ | -VxkṼ | -VqsṼmi | -VngṼmi | -VxkṼmi | -VqsṼm | -VngṼm | -VxkṼ | |
| Instrumental | -VwṼ | -VwtṼ | -ṼwV | -VwṼmi | -VwtṼmi | -ṼwVmi | -VwṼm | -VwtṼm | -ṼwV | |
| Class II (Animals) | Nominative | -Vf | -Vnaf | -VkVf | -Vmif | -Vni | -VkVmi | -imVf | -Vnim | -VkVm |
| Accusative | -ṼqVf | -ṼqnVf | -ṼqxVf | -ṼqVmif | -ṼqnVmif | -ṼqxVmif | -ṼqVmaf | -ṼqnVmaf | -ṼqxVmaf | |
| Genitive | -ṼqsVf | -ṼngVf | -ṼxkVf | -ṼqsVmif | -ṼngVmif | -ṼxkVmif | -ṼqsVf | -ṼngVmaf | -ṼxkVf | |
| Dative | -Ṽsaf | -ṼsnVf | -ṼzVf | -Ṽsif | -ṼsnVmif | -ṼzVmif | -ṼsVf | -ṼsnVmaf | -ṼzVf | |
| Locative | -VqṼf | -VqnṼf | -VqxṼf | -VqṼmif | -VqnṼmif | -VqxṼmif | -VqṼf | -VqnṼmaf | -VqxṼf | |
| Prolative | -Vsaf | -VsnṼf | -VzṼf | -Vsif | -VsnṼmif | -VzṼmif | -VsimVf | -VsnṼmaf | -VzṼf | |
| Adessive | -VqsṼf | -VngṼf | -VxkṼf | -VqsṼmif | -VngṼmif | -VxkṼmif | -VqsṼmVf | -VngṼmaf | -VxkṼf | |
| Instrumental | -VwṼf | -VwtṼf | -ṼwVf | -VwṼmif | -VwtṼmif | -ṼwVmif | -VwṼmVf | -VwtṼmaf | -ṼwVf | |
| Class III (Plants) | Nominative | -ar | -Vnar | -VkVr | -Vmir | -Vnir | -VkVmir | -imar | -Vnimar | -VkVmar |
| Accusative | -ṼqVr | -ṼqnVr | -ṼqxVr | -ṼqVmir | -ṼqnVmir | -ṼqxVmir | -ṼqVmar | -ṼqnVmar | -ṼqxVm | |
| Genitive | -ṼqsVr | -ṼngVr | -ṼxkVr | -ṼqsVmir | -ṼngVmir | -ṼxkVmir | -ṼqsVr | -ṼngVmar | -ṼxkVr | |
| Dative | -Ṽsr | -ṼsnVr | -ṼzVr | -Ṽsir | -ṼsnVmir | -ṼzVmir | -Ṽsar | -ṼsnVmar | -ṼzVr | |
| Locative | -VqṼr | -VqnṼr | -VqxṼr | -VqṼmir | -VqnṼmir | -VqxṼmir | -VqṼr | -VqnṼmar | -VqxṼr | |
| Prolative | -Vsr | -VsnṼr | -VzṼr | -Vsir | -VsnṼmir | -VzṼmir | -Vsimar | -VsnṼmar | -VzṼr | |
| Adessive | -VqsṼr | -VngṼr | -VxkṼr | -VqsṼmir | -VngṼmir | -VxkṼmir | -VqsṼmar | -VngṼmar | -VxkṼr | |
| Instrumental | -VwṼr | -VwtṼr | -ṼwVr | -VwṼmir | -VwtṼmir | -ṼwVmir | -VwṼmar | -VwtṼmar | -ṼwVr | |
| Class IV (Inanimate) | Nominative | -Vnur | -VkVur | -Vmer | -Vner | -VkVmer | -emur | -Vnemur | -VkVmur | |
| Accusative | -ṼqVr | -ṼqnVr | -ṼqxVr | -ṼqVmer | -ṼqnVmer | -ṼqxVmer | -ṼqVmur | -ṼqnVmur | -ṼqxVmur | |
| Genitive | -ṼqsVr | -ṼngVr | -ṼxkVr | -ṼqsVmer | -ṼngVmer | -ṼxkVmer | -ṼqsVr | -ṼngVmur | -ṼxkVr | |
| Dative | -Ṽsur | -ṼsnVr | -ṼzVr | -Ṽser | -ṼsnVmer | -ṼzVmer | -Ṽsur | -ṼsnVmur | -ṼzVr | |
| Locative | -VqṼr | -VqnṼr | -VqxṼr | -VqṼmer | -VqnṼmer | -VqxṼmer | -VqṼr | -VqnṼmr | -VqxṼr | |
| Prolative | -Vsur | -VsnṼr | -VzṼr | -Vser | -VsnṼmer | -VzṼmer | -Vsemur | -VsnṼmur | -VzṼr | |
| Adessive | -VqsṼr | -VngṼr | -VxkṼr | -VqsṼmer | -VngṼmer | -VxkṼmer | -VqsṼmur | -VngṼmur | -VxkṼr | |
| Instrumental | -VwṼr | -VwtṼr | -ṼwVr | -VwṼmer | -VwtṼmer | -ṼwVmer | -VwṼmur | -VwtṼmur | -ṼwVr | |
*V means the first vowel in the word.
*If a vowel is already a nasal vowel, flip the nasalization.
Verbs & Adjectives
| Indicative | Subjunctive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1P | 2P | 3P | 1P | 2P | 3P | ||
| Class Ia (Active Appropriate) | Past | -ang | -ange | -ata | -angta | -angeta | |
| Present | -i | -angi | -angej | -ataj | -angtaj | -angetaj | |
| Future | -r | -angu | -anger | -atar | -angtar | -angetar | |
| Habitual | -w | -anguv | -angew | -ataw | -angtaw | -angetaw | |
| Class Ib (Active Vulgar) | Past | el- | el-ang | el-ange | el-ata | el-angta | el-angeta |
| Present | el-i | el-angi | el-angej | el-ataj | el-angtaj | el-angetaj | |
| Future | el-r | el-angu | el-anger | el-atar | el-angtar | el-angetar | |
| Habitual | el-w | el-anguv | el-angew | el-ataw | el-angtaw | el-angetaw | |
| Class II (Passive Appropriate) | Past | -am | -ame | -ata | -amta | -ameta | |
| Present | -i | -ami | -amej | -ataj | -amtaj | -ametaj | |
| Future | -r | -amu | -amer | -atar | -amtar | -ametar | |
| Habitual | -w | -amuv | -amew | -ataw | -amtaw | -ametaw | |
| Class II (Passive Vulgar) | Past | u(k)- | u(k)-am | u(k)-ame | u(k)-ata | u(k)-amta | u(k)-ameta |
| Present | u(k)-i | u(k)-ami | u(k)-amej | u(k)-ataj | u(k)-amtaj | u(k)-ametaj | |
| Future | u(k)-r | u(k)-amu | u(k)-amer | u(k)-atar | u(k)-amtar | u(k)-ametar | |
| Habitual | u(k)-w | u(k)-amuv | u(k)-amew | u(k)-ataw | u(k)-amtaw | u(k)-ametaw | |
*Adjectival declensions are the ones in purple
Derivational morphology
| Derivation | Affix | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Noun-to-verb | -i | ||
| Noun-to-adjective | -uk | ||
| Verb-to-noun | -an | ||
| Verb-to-adjective | -ami | ||
| Adjective-to-verb | -angi | ||
| Adjective-to-noun | -ani | ||
Syntax
Constituent order
Word order is SOV, with occasional V2 in formal speech.
Noun phrase
Noun phrases can be in any order with case marking for the final noun.
Verb phrase
Verb phrases are polysynthetic in nature and consist mainly of compounded words, and can be in any order like noun phrases.
Example texts
WIP WIP WIP REMIND ME TO ADD THIS LATER
Other resources
WIP WIP WIP REMIND ME TO ADD THIS LATER