Koinean
Koinean is a brief sketchlang, attempting to take the growing non-configurationality of vernacular Korean and extend it to the level of Koiné/Attic Greek. While Ancient Greek could match distant words by case, number, and gender, Koinean matches by case and class. The verb inflectional structure is as big as the λύω chart, some 400 conjugations per verb. It is written in the polytonic Greek alphabet. (Unfortunately, it also requires a Unicode hack, that of a combining character in order to write upsilons with iota subscripts.) It is also meant as an instructional aide to Koreans in learning Ancient Greek.
ἀννῃνγἁσἠιᾠ! ζωεἀἁιᾠ ἰἠνἠδοδ? (안녕하세요! 좋아해요 이언어를?)
Phonology
Orthography
α - /아/, β - /ㅂ/, γ - /ㄱ/, δ - /ㄹ/, ε - coda /h/, ζ - /ㅈ/, η - /어/, θ - /ㅌ/, ι - /이/, κ - /ㅋ/, λ - /ɫ/, μ - /ㅁ/, ν - /ㄴ/, ξ - /ks/, ο - /으/, π - /ㅍ/, ρ - /ɻ/, σ - /ㅅ/, τ - /ㄷ/, υ - /우/, φ - /φ/, χ - /ㅊ/, ψ - /ps/, ω - /오/
Smooth breathing, rough breathing, acute, grace, circumflex, diaeresis, iota ad/subscript.
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ μ Μ | /n/ ν Ν | /ŋ/ νγ | |||
| Plosive | Plain | /p~b/ β Β | /t~d/ τ Τ | /c~ɟ/ ζ Ζ | /k~g/ γ Γ | |
| Aspirated | /pʰ/ π Π | /tʰ/ θ Θ | /cʰ/ χ Χ | /kʰ/ κ Κ | ||
| Tense | /p͈/ ββ ΒΒ | /t͈/ δδ ΔΔ | /c͈/ ζζ ΖΖ | /k͈/ γγ ΓΓ | ||
| Fricative | Aspirated | /ɸ/ φ Φ | /sʰ~ɕʰ/ σ ς Σ | h~ɦ | ||
| Tense | /s͈~ɕ͈/ σσ ςς ΣΣ | |||||
| Approximants | /w/ | /l/ λ Λ | /j/ | /ɰ/ | ||
| Liquid | /ɾ/ δ Δ | /ɻ~r/ * ρ Ρ | ||||
also /ks/ -> ξ (only alone Ξ) ; /ps/ -> ψ (only alone Ψ), but they are both not permitted at the start of a syllable or word. ε (only alone Ε) is the obsolete coda /h/, which is actually unsaid, but preserved in spelling.
Vowels
| Front Unrounded |
Front Rounded |
Mid | Back Unrounded |
Back Rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ ι Ι | /y/ υι Υι | /ɯ/ ο Ο | /u/ υ Υ | |
| Mid | /e̞/ ηι Ηι | /ø/ ωι Ωι | /ʌ~ɘ/ η Η | /o/ ω Ω | |
| Low | /æ/ αι Αι | /ä~ɑ/ α Α | |||
- There are six regular vowels, corresponding to Korean 아,이,어,오,으,우 -> ἀ,ἰ,ἠ,ὠ,ὀ,ὐ.
- Iotized vowels (y on-glide) is written with an iota subscript: 야,여,요,유 -> ᾀ,ᾐ,ᾠ,ὐͅ.
- Iotized Diphthongs 위, 외, 애, 에, 의 -> ὐι, ὠι, ἀι, ἠι, ὀι
- Triphthongs 얘, 예, 웨, 왜 -> ᾀι, ᾐι, ὐηι, ὠαι
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Phonological Processes
There are more of them than you can shake a stick at!
- π + ν = μν
- λ + ν = λλ
- β/τ/ζ/γ + β/τ/ζ/γ = ββ/ττ/ζζ/γγ
- ε + β/τ/ζ/γ = π/θ/χ/κ
- ε + σ = σσ
- λ + δ = λλ
- rest + δ = rest + ν