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| '''Tumaka''' (''thoumaca'' /tʰumaka/) is a minority Talmic language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Welsh, Korean, Etruscan and Romani. It is notable for its relatively conservative verb system.
| | Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle |
| ==Todo==
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| cemph, tzath, nuthch, doiph, solitzh, ...
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| ==Phonology==
| | Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere |
| ===Consonants===
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| *c g ch ŋ /k g kʰ ŋ/
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| *t d th n /t d tʰ n/
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| *tz dz tzh /ts dz tsʰ/
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| *p b ph m /p b pʰ m/
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| *f fh s sh (s̉) (s̃) h /f v~fʰ s z~sʰ ç ɕ h/
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| *r l i /r l j/
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| At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
| | Flijeon River |
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| Some consonants could be syllabic, namely ''m n ŋ l r''.
| | Andaegol |
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| ===Vowels===
| | Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology? |
| i u ou e y a o /i ɨ u e ə a o/
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| ===Stress===
| | Mjeolbon 'Melbourne' |
| Stress is always initial.
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| ==Morphology==
| | brjedjeong |
| ===Mutations===
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| Tumaka has no mutation; instead, former feminine nouns often begin in an aspirated consonant, as a result of lenition after the definite article. (cf. [[Eevo]], where former feminine nouns begin in different consonants than former masculine nouns.)
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| ===Nouns===
| | sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean |
| Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural). The usual affixes are:
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| *plural absolute: ''-r''
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| *singular construct: ''-(y)th''
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| *plural construct: ''-(y)ph''
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| e.g. ''cuthr'' 'flower', ''cuthryr'' 'flowers'; ''chufn'' 'woman', ''chufnyr'' 'women'.
| | Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is |
| | ==Phonology== |
| | ===Consonants=== |
| | *'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/ |
| | *'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/ |
| | *'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/ |
| | *'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/ |
| | *'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/ |
| | *'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/ |
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| ===Verbs===
| | [w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants. |
| Tumaka verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]. As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often derived by adding a prefix, which causes the verb to take the conjunct form. Most Tumaka verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
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| An example of the aspect allomorphy:
| | /t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized). |
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| *'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''simŋi''
| | ===Vowels=== |
| *'to eat': imperfective ''cai'', perfective ''iŋcu''
| | Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li]. |
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| [[Category:Tricin]] | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| | |- |
| | ! rowspan="2" | |
| | ! colspan="2" |Front |
| | ! rowspan="2" |Central |
| | ! rowspan="2" |Back |
| | |- |
| | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small> |
| | ! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small> |
| | |- |
| | ! style="" |Close |
| | | '''i''' /i/ |
| | | '''u''' /ü/ |
| | | '''eu''' [ɨ] |
| | | '''o''' /o~u/ |
| | |- |
| | ! style="" |Mid |
| | | '''ae, e''' /e̞/ |
| | | '''ö''' /ø~œ/ |
| | | '''eo''' [ə] |
| | | '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/ |
| | |- |
| | ! style="" |Open |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | '''a''' /ɐ/ |
| | | |
| | |} |