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! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Example !! Counterpart | ! Clitic !! Gloss !! Use !! Example !! Counterpart | ||
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| '''hua''' || <small>Q</small> || question | | '''hua''' || <small>Q</small> || question infix, turns the word it is attached to (ie. its "host") into a yes/no question || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">hua</span>lavi?'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Do you</span> eat<span style="color:blue">?</span>" || '''''hua''''' | ||
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| '''leo''' || <small>NEG</small> || negative | | '''leo''' || <small>NEG</small> || negative infix, "not", negates its host || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">leo</span>lavi.'''''<br />"You <span style="color:blue">do not</span> eat." || '''''gui''''' | ||
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| '''gui''' || <small>AFF</small> || affirmative | | '''gui''' || <small>AFF</small> || affirmative infix, "indeed", emphatically affirms its host || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">gui</span>lavi.'''''<br />"You ''<span style="color:blue">do</span>'' eat." || '''''loe''''' | ||
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| '''heo''' || <small>NEG</small>.<small>Q</small> || negative question | | '''heo''' || <small>NEG</small>.<small>Q</small> || negative question infix, "not?", turns its host into a question with an expected negative answer || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">heo</span>lavi?'''''<br />"You <span style="color:blue">don't</span> eat, <span style="color:blue">do you?</span>" || '''''hui''''' | ||
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| '''hui''' || <small>AFF</small>.<small>Q</small> || affirmative question | | '''hui''' || <small>AFF</small>.<small>Q</small> || affirmative question infix, "indeed?", turns its host into a question with an expected affirmative answer || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">hui</span>lavi.'''''<br />"You <span style="color:blue">do</span> eat, <span style="color:blue">don't you?" || '''''heo''''' | ||
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| '''tui''' || <small>FOC</small> || focus | | '''tui''' || <small>FOC</small> || focus infix, indicates its host is the focus of the sentence, the new information that is being claimed || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">tui</span>lavi'''''<br />"(<span style="color:blue">the thing is:</span>) you eat" || '''''nau''''' | ||
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| '''nau''' || <small>TOP</small> || topic | | '''nau''' || <small>TOP</small> || topic infix, indicates its host is the topic of the sentence, known information about which something is claimed in the focus || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">nau</span>lavi'''''<br />"(<span style="color:blue">as for the fact that</span>) you eat" || '''''tui''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''xeo''' || <small>IMP</small> || imperative infix, indicates its host is an imperative phrase, an order to do or be something || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">xeo</span>lavi'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Eat!</span>" || '''''geo''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''geo''' || <small>NEG.IMP</small> || negative imperative infix, indicates its host is a negative imperative phrase, an order not to do or be something || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">geo</span>lavi'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Don't</span> eat!" || '''''xeo''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''kia''' || <small>OPT</small> || optative infix, indicates its host is an intended or desired situation || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">kia</span>lavi'''''<br />"You <span style="color:blue">should</span> eat." || '''''keo''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''keo''' || <small>NEG.OPT</small> || negative optative infix, indicates its host is a situation which is not desired || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">keo</span>lavi'''''<br />"You <span style="color:blue">should not</span> eat." || '''''kia''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''sau''' || or || inclusive disjunctive infix, "or", "and/or", indicates an alternative which is not exclusive || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">sau</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">sau</span>'''''<br />"you (<span style="color:blue">either</span>) eat <span style="color:blue">or</span> you dance (<span style="color:blue">or both</span>)" || '''''sau''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''tau''' || <small>XOR</small> || exclusive disjunctive infix, "or" "or ... but not both", indicates an exclusive alternative || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">tau</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">tau</span>'''''<br />"you (<span style="color:blue">either</span>) eat <span style="color:blue">or</span> you dance (<span style="color:blue">but not both</span>)" || '''''tau''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''tia''' || although || causal adversative infix, "although", "even though", indicates the context under which some other fact is unexpected or contrastive || '''''vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">jeo</span>) vee<span style="color:blue">tia</span>lavi'''''<br />"you dance <span style="color:blue">although</span> you eat" || '''''jeo''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''jeo''' || but || effective adversative infix, "but", "however", "nevertheless", indicates something surprising given another fact or situation || '''''vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tia</span>) vee<span style="color:blue">jeo</span>lavi'''''<br />"you dance, <span style="color:blue">but</span> you eat" || '''''tia''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''vui''' || and || simultaneous conjunctive infix, "and", indicates a simultaneous addition || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">vui</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">vui</span>'''''<br />"you eat <span style="color:blue">and</span> dance (<span style="color:blue">at the same time</span>)" || '''''vui''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''nua''' || first || initial conjunctive infix, "first", "initially", indicates its host occurs first in a sequence || '''''vee<span style="color:blue">nua</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:red">sua</span>'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">first</span> you eat, then you dance" || '''sua''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''sua''' || subsequently || subsequent conjunctive infix, "then", "subsequently", indicates an addition that follows in time || '''''vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">nua</span>) vee<span style="color:blue">sua</span>lavi'''''<br />"you dance, <span style="color:blue">then</span> you eat" || '''''vui''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''kua''' || when || simultaneous punctual temporal infix, "when", indicates that another event or situation occurs at the same time as what is marked with '''kua''' || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">kua</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">When</span> you eat, you dance." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''kua''''' / '''''jau''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''jau''' || while || simultaneous continuous temporal infix, "while", indicates that its host is the temporal context for for another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">jau</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>)'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">While</span> you're dancing, you eat." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''kua''''' / '''''jau''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''mua''' || before || antetemporal punctual infix, "before", indicates that its host comes ''after'' another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">mua</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Before</span> you dance, you eat." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''nio''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''goe''' || until || antetemporal continuous infix, "until", indicates that its host represents the end point of another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">goe</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Until</span> you dance, you eat." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''nio''' || after || posttemporal punctual infix, "after", indicates that its host comes ''before'' another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">nio</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"After you eat, you dance." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''mua''''' | ||
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| ''' | | '''joe''' || since || posttemporal continuous infix, "since", "from", indicates that its host represents the starting point of another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">joe</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Since</span> you ate, you've been dancing."<br />"<span style="color:blue">From the time when</span> you eat, you're going to dance." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' | ||
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| '''viu''' || if.<small>IRR</small> || irrealis causal | | '''gua''' || because || specific causal infix, "because", "since", "as", indicates that its host is the cause of another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">gua</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">tui</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">Because</span> you eat, you dance." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''noe''''' | ||
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| '''noe''' || therefore || specific effective infix, "therefore", "so", indicates that its host is the effect caused by another event or situation || '''''Vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">gua</span>) vee<span style="color:blue">noe</span>lavi.'''''<br />"You've been dancing; therefore, you eat." || '''''tui''''' / '''''nau''''' / '''''gua''''' | |||
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| '''vue''' || if.<small>REAL</small> || generic/potential causal infix, "if", indicates that its host, ''if it does turn out to be the case'', is the cause of another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">vue</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">jue</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">If</span> you eat, (then) you dance." || '''''jue''''' | |||
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| '''jue''' || then.<small>REAL</small> || generic/potential effective infix, "then", indicates that its host is the effect caused by another ''possible'' event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:red">vue</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">jue</span>.'''''<br />"If you eat, (then) you dance." || '''''vue''''' | |||
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| '''viu''' || if.<small>IRR</small> || irrealis causal infix, "if", indicates that its host is a ''hypothetical'' event or situation that, ''if it were true'', would the cause of another event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:blue">viu</span>lavi vilaivaa(<span style="color:red">jiu</span>).'''''<br />"<span style="color:blue">If</span> you <span style="color:blue">ate</span>, (then) you would dance." || '''''jiu''''' | |||
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| '''jiu''' || then.<small>IRR</small> || irrealis effective clitic, "then", "would" indicates that its host would be the effect caused by another ''hypothetical'' event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:red">jiu</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">jiu</span>.'''''<br />"If you ate, (<span style="color:blue">then</span>) you <span style="color:blue">would</span> dance." || '''''viu''''' | | '''jiu''' || then.<small>IRR</small> || irrealis effective clitic, "then", "would" indicates that its host would be the effect caused by another ''hypothetical'' event or situation || '''''Vee<span style="color:red">jiu</span>lavi vilaivaa<span style="color:blue">jiu</span>.'''''<br />"If you ate, (<span style="color:blue">then</span>) you <span style="color:blue">would</span> dance." || '''''viu''''' |
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