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Ash: Difference between revisions
→Syllable structure
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| Plosive or fricative followed by nasal | | Plosive or fricative followed by nasal | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Phonological processes=== | |||
Depending on the underlying nature of a cluster, various processes may take place either on a phonemic (phoneme alternation) or on a phonetic (surface allophony) level. For example, {{IPA|/t/}} merges with {{IPA|/t͡s/}} on the ''phonemic'' level before {{IPA|/i~j/}} or a plosive or an affricate, but alternates with {{IPA|[ð]}} on the ''phonetic'' level between vowels. | |||
====Alternations before glides==== | |||
In addition to the aforementioned example, nasals and fricatives will geminate before consonantal glides (i.e. /j w/ when they do not surface as vocalic), assimilating to the glide and eliding it in the process. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! {{IPA|/-j/}} | |||
! {{IPA|/-w/}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//N-//}} | |||
| [ɲ.ɲ] | |||
| [m.m] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//h-//}} | |||
| [ç.ç] | |||
| [ʍ.ʍ] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|/t͡s-/}} | |||
| [ɕ.ɕ] | |||
| [s̠.s̠] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|/t͡ɬ-/}} | |||
|colspan="2"| <center>[ɬ.ɬ]</center> | |||
|} | |||
====Alternations before plosives and affricates==== | |||
All plosives alternate phonemically with fricatives or affricates before another plosive or an affricate. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! {{IPA|//-P//}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//p-//}} | |||
|rowspan="2"| /h.P/ [ħ.P] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//k-//}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//t-//}} | |||
| /t͡s.P/ [s̠.P~ɕ.P] | |||
|} | |||
====Glottal allophony==== | |||
The phoneme /h~ʔ/ surfaces as a fricative before vowels and glides (geminating in the latter case as outlined in the section on alternations before glides) as well as plosives but as a glottal stop before nasals and affricates. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! {{IPA|//-P//}} | |||
! {{IPA|//-P͡F//}} | |||
! {{IPA|//-N//}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//h-//}} | |||
| [ħ.P] | |||
| [ʔ.P͡F] | |||
| /ʔ.ᴰN/ | |||
|} | |||
In addition, each plosive alternates phonemically with the glottal before a nasal, assimilating the nasal to its point of articulation. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! {{IPA|//-N//}} | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//p-//}} | |||
| [ʔ.ᵇm] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//t-//}} | |||
| [ʔ.ᵈn̠~ʔ.ᶡɲ] | |||
|- | |||
! {{IPA|//k-//}} | |||
| [ʔ.ᶢŋ] | |||
|} | |||
====Affricate alternations==== | |||
Affricates are simplified to fricatives in much the same contexts as the plosives: intervocalically, before other plosives or affricates, word-finally as well as before nasals which in turn are prestopped. | |||
===Prosody and stress=== | ===Prosody and stress=== | ||