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Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions
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Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre. | Old Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''ah eh ih oh uh üh''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Classical Winderemre. | ||
Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: it had both /ə/ and /ɪ/. | Old Windermere also retained more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables which was lost in Classical Windermere: it had both /ə/ and /ɪ/. | ||
==Morphology== | |||
===Sandhi=== | |||
Old Windermere had a complex sandhi system (somewhere between Biblical Hebrew and Sanskrit) which was no longer productive in Classical Windermere. | |||
*th + fric -> fric + t | |||
**ths -> st, as in ''sehf'' (go) -> *''thsehf'' -> ''stehf'' (to drive) (Modern ''binsteaf'' (energy), ''sămteaf'' (to energize)) | |||
**thf -> ft, e.g. ''tăfi'' (laugh) -> ''*tithfi'' -> ''tifti'' (mock) (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'') | |||
Grassmann's law was productive in Old Windermere. When there were two spirant consonants before a stressed vowel in a word, the first was despirantized. e.g. *chăfol > căfol | |||
===Some prefixes=== | |||
Old Windermere had the following prefixes: | |||
*''th-'' (causative; denominal verbs) | |||
*''p-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'') | |||
**''da'' (know) -> ''păda'' (master; ''pda'' in Modern Windermere) | |||
**''tüth'' (to grasp) -> ''pădüth'' (meaning, intention) | |||
*''ha-'' (passive) | |||
Old Windermere also used breathy voice ablaut to denote tools: ''snar'' (capture) -> ''snahr'' (trap, snare) which survives in Modern Windermere as ''snär''. | |||