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|iso2 = | |iso2 = | ||
|iso3 = | |iso3 = | ||
|script = [ | |script = [http://www.mythopoesis.org/lingua/xazik/ortho.html Xažik Skrivatum],[[w:Latin script|Latin]] | ||
|agency = [ | |agency = [http://www.infernalhorde.com/ InfernalHorde] | ||
|notice = IPA | |notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The Xažik Gohuīlim are a collective of Angelic beings who chose to serve mankind over the claimed unjust wishes of the Prime Emanation of the Godhead, and are, accordingly, now for all intents and purposes, Earth-bound Celestials. This group includes the angels who fell during the Major, Minor, and Prime Emergences, as well as a more specific collection of more accurately named Fallen Angels, or Grigori, who, when chosing to serve humankind, went one step further and claimed human wives, siring horrendous offspring and causing the universal and world-renown primal deluge that purged the earth of mankind, save a select few who God had forewarned through his still faithful angelic messengers. | The Xažik Gohuīlim are a collective of Angelic beings who chose to serve mankind over the claimed unjust wishes of the Prime Emanation of the Godhead, and are, accordingly, now for all intents and purposes, Earth-bound Celestials. This group includes the angels who fell during the [http://www.emergentdiscord.com/cosmology/the-abyssal-horde/ Major, Minor, and Prime Emergences], as well as a more specific collection of more accurately named Fallen Angels, or Grigori, who, when chosing to serve humankind, went one step further and claimed human wives, siring horrendous offspring and causing the universal and world-renown primal deluge that purged the earth of mankind, save a select few who God had forewarned through his still faithful angelic messengers. | ||
Because the Xažik Gohuīlim, or “those who speak Xažik,” lived long ages with humans, their language changed and adapted to service this purpose. Of all the celestial-borne tongues, Xažik is by far the most well known by humans (man can barely utter words in the Tongue of Annunciation, and cannot even fathom the workings of the progenitor tongue, [[ʾÅa̩en]]), and the one that has undergone the most radical departures from its divine origins. | Because the Xažik Gohuīlim, or “those who speak Xažik,” lived long ages with humans, their language changed and adapted to service this purpose. Of all the celestial-borne tongues, Xažik is by far the most well known by humans (man can barely utter words in the Tongue of Annunciation, and cannot even fathom the workings of the progenitor tongue, [[ʾÅa̩en]]), and the one that has undergone the most radical departures from its divine origins. | ||
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'''Resonants''': r l m n Semivowels: j w → can function as both consonants and vowels | '''Resonants''': r l m n Semivowels: j w → can function as both consonants and vowels | ||
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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;" | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
[[File:400px-Cardinal_vowel_tongue_position-front.png|thumb|left|Cardinal vowel tongue positions]] | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: 90px; "| | ! style="width: 90px; "| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| i [i] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | u [u] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Near-close | ! style="" |Near-close | ||
| | | | ||
| ɪ [ɪ] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | o [o] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close-mid | ! style="" |Close-mid | ||
| | | e [e] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | э [ə] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Near-open | ! style="" |Near-open | ||
| | | æ [æ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | a [ɑ] | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
The vowels are: | The vowels are: | ||
'''Front''' | '''Front''' | ||
[i], [ɪ], [e], [æ] written i, | [i], [ɪ], [e], [æ] written '''i, ĭ, e, æ''' | ||
long [iː], [eː], [æː] written ī, ē, ǣ | long [iː], [eː], [æː] written '''ī, ē, ǣ''' | ||
'''Back''' | '''Back''' | ||
[u], [o], [a] written u, o, a | [u], [o], [a] written '''u, o, a''' | ||
long [uː], [oː], [aː] written ū, ō, ā | long [uː], [oː], [aː] written '''ū, ō, ā''' | ||
There is one centrally articulated vowel: [ə] as э. | There is one centrally articulated vowel: [ə] as '''э'''. | ||
Known diphthongs include [ei], [oi], [ai], [ie] written ei, oi, ai, ie and [eu], [ou], [au] written eu, ou, au. Both vowel sounds are heard, one following the other in the same syllable and lasting for the same amount of time. The presence of long diphthongs are only found as regional dialects and are not considered here. | Known diphthongs include [ei], [oi], [ai], [ie] written '''ei, oi, ai, ie''' and [eu], [ou], [au] written '''eu, ou, au'''. Both vowel sounds are heard, one following the other in the same syllable and lasting for the same amount of time. The presence of long diphthongs are only found as regional dialects and are not considered here. | ||
====Thematic Vowels==== | ====Thematic Vowels==== | ||
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====Ablaut and Apophony==== | ====Ablaut and Apophony==== | ||
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Pitch stress | Pitch stress | ||
á é í ó ú | á é í ó ú | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | <!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | ||
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==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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abbreviated in the Table <TODO>. Though an exact meaning is not always easy to determine, each root and suffix reconstructed for PIE has a semantics, such that suffixes systematically derive a different meaning from the root, and roots can surface in different derived forms. | abbreviated in the Table <TODO>. Though an exact meaning is not always easy to determine, each root and suffix reconstructed for PIE has a semantics, such that suffixes systematically derive a different meaning from the root, and roots can surface in different derived forms. | ||
While technically speaking both suffix and ending are suffixes, the standard terminology of suffix and ending will be helpful to avoid confusion: a suffix is a derivational morpheme, an ending is an inflectional morpheme. This distinction will be important when it is time to advance to an analysis, because it will be shown that the inflectional affixes are subcategorized as either dominant or recessive, while there is no such distinction made for derivational affixes. | While technically speaking both suffix and ending are suffixes, the standard terminology of ''suffix'' and ''ending'' will be helpful to avoid confusion: a ''suffix'' is a {{blue|derivational morpheme}}, an ''ending'' is an {{blue|inflectional morpheme}}. This distinction will be important when it is time to advance to an analysis, because it will be shown that the inflectional affixes are subcategorized as either dominant or recessive, while there is no such distinction made for derivational affixes. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Noun or Verb !! Component | ! Noun or Verb !! Component | ||
|- | |- | ||
| esk|| (root) | | '''esk'''|| (root) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -rosh → eskrosh || ((root)(agentive suffix)) [derivational morpheme] | | '''-rosh → eskrosh''' || ((root)(agentive suffix)) [derivational morpheme] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| eskrosh -os → eskroshos|| (((root)(agentive suffix))(possessive case)) [inflectional morpheme] | | '''eskrosh -os → eskroshos'''|| (((root)(agentive suffix))(possessive case)) [inflectional morpheme] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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====Articular Apophony==== | ====Articular Apophony==== | ||
====Semantic Roles==== | ====Semantic Roles==== | ||
A semantic role is the underlying relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause. Also known as semantic case, thematic role, and deep role. | A semantic role is the underlying relationship that a participant has with the main verb in a clause. Also known as semantic case, thematic role, and deep role. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Agent|| The person or thing who is the doer of an event or action | | '''Agent'''|| The person or thing who is the doer of an event or action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Beneficiary|| A referent which is advantaged or disadvantaged by an event | | '''Beneficiary'''|| A referent which is advantaged or disadvantaged by an event | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Causer|| A referent which instigates an event rather than actually doing it | | '''Causer'''|| A referent which instigates an event rather than actually doing it | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Counteragent|| A force or resistance against which an action is carried out | | '''Counteragent'''|| A force or resistance against which an action is carried out | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Enabler|| The role whereby this referent enables the potential outcome but does not cause or force it. | | '''Enabler'''|| The role whereby this referent enables the potential outcome but does not cause or force it. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Experiencer || An entity or referent which receives, accepts, expereiences, or undergoes the effect of an action or sensory impression that involves neither volition nor a state change | | '''Experiencer''' || An entity or referent which receives, accepts, expereiences, or undergoes the effect of an action or sensory impression that involves neither volition nor a state change | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Factitive || A referent that results from the action or state identified by a verb | | '''Factitive''' || A referent that results from the action or state identified by a verb | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Force || An inanimate (maybe), incorporeal force that is an unwilled cause of an act such as a force of nature or an abstract idea/concept. | | '''Force''' || An inanimate (maybe), incorporeal force that is an unwilled cause of an act such as a force of nature or an abstract idea/concept. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Goal || The semantic role of the place to which something moves or thing toward which an action is directed | | '''Goal''' || The semantic role of the place to which something moves or thing toward which an action is directed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Instrument || An inanimate thing that an agent uses to implement an event. It is the stimulus or immediate physical cause of an event. | | '''Instrument''' || An inanimate thing that an agent uses to implement an event. It is the stimulus or immediate physical cause of an event. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Locative || Identifies the location or spatial orientation of a state or action but does not imply motion to, from, or across the location | | '''Locative''' || Identifies the location or spatial orientation of a state or action but does not imply motion to, from, or across the location | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Manner || Notes how the action, experience, or process of an event is carried out | | '''Manner''' || Notes how the action, experience, or process of an event is carried out | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Measure || Notes the quantification of an event | | '''Measure''' || Notes the quantification of an event | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Patient || Typically the surface object of the verb in a sentence. The entity that is affected by an event, undergoes a process, or experiences an event | | '''Patient''' || Typically the surface object of the verb in a sentence. The entity that is affected by an event, undergoes a process, or experiences an event | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Result || Refers to that which is produced by an event. | | '''Result''' || Refers to that which is produced by an event. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Source || A referent indicating place of origin (with verbs of motion), an entity from which a physical sensation emanates (with verbs of sensation, attention, and speech), or the original owner in a transfer (with verbs of acquisition) | | '''Source''' || A referent indicating place of origin (with verbs of motion), an entity from which a physical sensation emanates (with verbs of sensation, attention, and speech), or the original owner in a transfer (with verbs of acquisition) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Time || Indicates the temporal placement of an event. | | '''Time''' || Indicates the temporal placement of an event. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Several cases have made their exit from the language post haste, assumably because the humans that the Celestials made the language for didn't have the capacity to use the language due to the nature of its temporal complexities. So, all of the grammatical cases with regard to temporal locatives are right out. The functions that these inflections used to support are now handled by verb conjugation of mood/aspect/etc. | Several cases have made their exit from the language post haste, assumably because the humans that the Celestials made the language for didn't have the capacity to use the language due to the nature of its temporal complexities. So, all of the grammatical cases with regard to temporal locatives are right out. The functions that these inflections used to support are now handled by verb conjugation of mood/aspect/etc. | ||
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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
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==Pragmatics== | ==Pragmatics== |
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