Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions

Volapűük nulíik (view source)

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→‎Reflexivity/Reciprocity

ArmasUkko

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-If the person mentioned washes another person of the same gender, the deictic pronoun -k is used:
+If the person mentioned washes another person of the same gender, the deictic pronoun -t is used:
-"Lavgámik."
+"Lavgámit."
-LAV-g-á-m-i-k
+LAV-g-á-m-i-t
-WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.sg.anim.masc.-acc.-3.sg.deic.close
+WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.sg.anim.masc.-acc.-3.sg.deic.dist.
 "He washes him."
+In singular contexts, this procedure is not complicated or causes much problems. In dual or plural contexts, however, more possible constellations are possible and theirfore require a different approach.
+) Each member of group is doing something to themself.
+If a group of two, three or more members is undergoing the process of washing and the recipient is identical to the agent, then the doer is in the dual / plural and the recipient is singular:
+"Lavgápsip."
+LAV-g-á-ps-i-p
+WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.pl.anim.neutr.-acc.-3.sg.anim.neutr.
+"They wash themselves." [each one individually]
+"Lavgáptip."
+LAV-g-á-pt-i-p
+WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.du.anim.neutr.-acc.-3.sg.anim.neutr.
+"They two wash themselves." [each one individually]
+) Within a group of three or more members, one member is the patient / receiver and all other members are doing the work. In this case the deictic closeness pronoun is used:
+"Lavgápsik."
+LAV-g-á-pt-i-k
+WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.pl.anim.neutr.-acc.-3.sg.deict.clos.
+"They wash him." [He is a member of the group].
+) Within a group of three or more people, each member is washing every other member. This case is considered a case of reflexivity and thus expressed via repetition of the plural subject marker:
+"Lavgápsips."
+LAV-g-á-pt-i-ps
+WASH-val.acc.-pres.-3.pl.anim.neutr.-acc.-3.pl.anim.neutr.
+"They wash themselves." [every member every other member]
 ===Co-verb suffixes===