Eḥeiθymmen Amran: Difference between revisions

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffffff; font-size:1.2em;" | '''Eḥeiθymmen Arjad Eḥðeirymmē Amran'''<br />[ɛˈçej.θym.mɛn ˈar.jad ɛçˈðej.θym.mɛː ˈam.ran]

'''Eḥeiθymme''' is a word built from nominal form of the root '''∅-Y-T''' indicating "language, speaking, articulated speech", rendered as '''ait''', which morphs to '''eiθ''', the '''ah-''' prefix, which morphs to '''eḥ-''', formulates proper nouns out of common nouns, and the suffix '''-umma''', which morphs to '''-ymme''', which is the augmentive suffix. In genitive constructions involving a proper noun fulfilling the genitive role, the possessed noun is in the construct state, sometimes unrealized morphologically, but in this case, it is indicated by '''-n'''. '''Arjad''' is from the positive copula '''R-J-D''', '''Eḥðeirymmē''' is built from the nominal form of '''D-J-R''' indicating "earth, land", rendered as '''dair''', which morphs to '''ðeir''', the '''ah-''' prefix, which morphs to '''eḥ-''', formulates proper nouns out of common nouns, and the suffix '''-umma''', which morphs to '''-ymmē''' in the absolutive case, and '''amran''' is the imperfective verbal form from the root '''M-R-N''' indicating "goodness, pleasantness, well-being". All morphing in sounds are accounted for in the section on sound change.  

'''1. The consonant moves to its fricative counterpart in the environment that it follows a front vowel or a voiceless palatal fricative.'''

'''Eḥeiθymme''' is characterized by a '''nonconcatenative morphology''', or "root-and-pattern" morphology. Words are constructed from an abstract consonantal root structure according to any of several templates. The roots of words tend to be made of two or three consonants, though roots of one or four are not unheard of. Words not of an '''Eḥeiθymme''' origin are made to follow '''Eḥeiθymme''''s morphology, and so can exhibit an atypical number of consonant roots. Additionally, '''Eḥeiθymme''' is not without discrete morphemes in the form of affixes in addition to the characteristic nonconcatenative morphology.

! colspan="7" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | μ1v2v3μ

| style="text-align: center; font-weight: " | first radical

| style="text-align: center; font-weight: " | vowel

| style="text-align: center; font-weight: " | second radical

| style="text-align: center; font-weight: " | vowel

| style="text-align: center; font-weight: " | third radical

Critical to the construction of the verb and verb phrase is the '''copula''', of which there exists both a '''positive''' copula '''R-J-D''' and a '''negative''' copula '''∅-M-N''' . Additionally, there exists an infinitive form of the verb that is used with modals.

Tense is constructed combinatorially with the copula, with an explicitly defined aspectual distinction. For a diachronic treatment of the morphological forms of the '''Eḥeiθymme''' verb, please consult the appendix.

The overt forms of the various aspects is dependent on the consonant make-up of the root, of which belongs to the system of consonant roots. Such roots exhibit two or three consonants. Roots whose consonants are '''phonologically stable''' are roots whose consonants are not lateral (L-roots), rhotic (R-roots), fricative (S-roots), or semi-vowel (J-roots and W-roots), and are the so-called CCC-roots. '''Phonologically unstable''' roots exhibit minor irregularities in their construction, of which depends on the location of the unstable consonant(s) in the root: initial, medial, final. Roots consisting of two consonants, called ∅CC-roots, have variable manifestations and typically form via leveling, realized as the 2 consonant being doubled and acting as the 1 consonant.

* The Perfective Aspect: '''-1e23i-'''

* The Imperfective Aspect: '''-12a3-'''

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)e23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)2a3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12a3'''-<br>-'''1u2a3'''-¹

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Le23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''L2a3'''-<br>-'''i2e3'''-²

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eL3i'''-<br>-'''1ei3i'''-³

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1La3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Li'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aL'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Re23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''R2a3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ē3i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ra3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Ri'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12ā'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Se23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''S2a3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1eS3i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Sa3'''-<br>-'''S1a3'''-⁴

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2Si'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aS'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Je23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''i2e3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Ja3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2ī'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aJ'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''We23i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''u2a3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ey3i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1Wa3'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1e2yi'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''12aW'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -(2)'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -(2)2'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -(2)'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''(2)a23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''3<br>1u2'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -L'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -L2'''a'''3<br>i2'''e'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -L'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''La23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''L3'''i'''-<br>-1'''e'''i3'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1L'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''L3'''u'''-<br>-1'''ew'''i3'''y'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aL3e'''-<br>-'''1ei3e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2L'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''L-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2L'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Le'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -R'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -R2'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -R'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Re'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ē'''3'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1R'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ā'''3'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ā3e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2R'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''ā'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2R'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Re'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -S'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -S2'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -S'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Sa23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''S3'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1S'''a'''3<br>S1'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''S3'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1aS3e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2S'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''S-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2S'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Se'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -J'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -i2'''e'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -J'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Ja23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''i3'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1J'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''ew'''i3'''y'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1ei3e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2'''ī'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''J-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2J'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2Je'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -W'''e'''23'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -u2'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -w'''au'''23'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''Wa23e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''y3'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1W'''a'''3-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''aū'''3'''u'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1au3e'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''e'''2y'''i'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -12'''a'''W-

| style="text-align: center;" | -1'''au'''2'''ū'''-

| style="text-align: center;" | -'''1a2We'''-

Voice in '''Eḥeiθymme''' is constructed entirely morphosyntactically, and depends on the relationship between a transitive or intransitive verb with nouns in the ergative case and nouns in the absolutive case. When constructing these voices, the copula always remains in the second position. Any modal, other inflected verb, or infinitive remains at the end. For sentences not in need of a copula construction, such as the Perfective Past tense or the Imperfective Non-past tense, then the position otherwise held by the copula is instead held by the inflected verb, and is no longer at the end of the sentence. Similarly, in those tenses are being constructed with the modal plus the infinitive, then the modal is placed in the second position, and the infinitive is at the end.  

| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rerjad''

| '''dhua-'''''rerjad''

| '''ive-'''''rerjeð''

| '''me-'''''rerjad''

| '''ā-'''''rerjad''

| '''anta-'''''rerjad''

| '''anta-'''''rerjad''

| '''anta-'''''rerjad''

| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rerjuð''

| rowspan="2" | '''ale-'''''rjuð''

| '''dhua-'''''rerjuð''

| '''dhua-'''''rjuð''

| '''ive-'''''rerjyð''

| '''ive-'''''rjyð''

| '''me-'''''rerjuð''

| '''me-'''''rjuð''

| '''ā-'''''rerjuð''

| '''ā-'''''rjuð''

| '''anta-'''''rerjuð''

| '''ente-'''''rjeði''

 

 

 

| '''anta-'''''rerjad'''''-an'''

| '''dhye-'''''rjeð'''''-ið'''''i''

| '''ive-'''''rjeð'''''-iv'''''i''

| '''me-'''''rjeð'''''-em'''''i''

| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''

| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''

| '''ente-'''''rjeð'''''-en'''''i''

* The '''Singular Definite Article''' is: ''' -'''