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! Stative | ! Stative | ||
! Active | ! Active | ||
! | ! Inchoative | ||
! Terminative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Indicative | ! Indicative | ||
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| ''oahda'' | | ''oahda'' | ||
| ''oadna'' | | ''oadna'' | ||
| ''oasda'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Optative | ! Optative | ||
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| ''oadse'' | | ''oadse'' | ||
| ''oadne'' | | ''oadne'' | ||
| ''oasdse'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
All of these terms are to an extent ad hoc. Some verbs are inherently stative or active and do not have two distinct stems. The | All of these terms are to an extent ad hoc. Some verbs are inherently stative or active and do not have two distinct stems. The inchoative is often used in a perfective sense as opposed to the imperfective or habitual active or stative. | ||
====Derived verbs==== | ====Derived verbs==== | ||
Derivational suffixes can be used to extend the root and create a new set of stems, such as the causative ''-j-'' or the frequentative ''-(d)s-'', which can themselves, depending on the word, be stative or active (all derived verbs are inherently one or the other or both and do not display the allomorphy of basic verbs), | Derivational suffixes can be used to extend the root and create a new set of stems, such as the causative ''-j-'' or the frequentative ''-(d)s-'', which can themselves, depending on the word, be stative or active (all derived verbs are inherently one or the other or both and do not display the allomorphy of basic verbs), inchoative, terminative and so on. These are some of the words derived from ''oo'' "consume": | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! Stative | ! Stative | ||
! Active | ! Active | ||
! | ! Inchoative | ||
! Terminative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Basic | ! Basic | ||
| colspan="2" | <center>'''''oo''''' "eat"</center> | | colspan="2" | <center>'''''oo''''' "eat"</center> | ||
| ''oona'' | | ''oona'' | ||
| ''ooda'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Causative | ! Causative | ||
| colspan="2" | <center>''oyya'' "feed"</center> | | colspan="2" | <center>''oyya'' "feed"</center> | ||
| ''oena'' | | ''oena'' | ||
| ''oeda'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Frequentative | ! Frequentative | ||
| colspan="2" | <center>''odsa'' "gorge"</center> | | colspan="2" | <center>''odsa'' "gorge"</center> | ||
| ''osdna'' | | ''osdna'' | ||
| ''osda'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|phrase=oadnawo ayʼsããs | |phrase=oadnawo ayʼsããs | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | ||
|gloss=shine. | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I wash in the morning | |translation=I wash in the morning | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|phrase=oadnawo ao go awʼsãã ma | |phrase=oadnawo ao go awʼsãã ma | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | ||
|gloss=shine. | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | ||
|translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | |translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|phrase=[owʼ oahdawo bahba go ossoena]<sub>1</sub> [eyʼ oahdawo esseenas]<sub>2</sub> | |phrase=[owʼ oahdawo bahba go ossoena]<sub>1</sub> [eyʼ oahdawo esseenas]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ wʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ ˈjɪw‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ wʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ ˈjɪw‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS. | |gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.INCH.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | |translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|phrase=bahba go oada esseenas no | |phrase=bahba go oada esseenas no | ||
|IPA=[ˈbɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐz̠‿ᵈn̠ʊ] | |IPA=[ˈbɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ jɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐz̠‿ᵈn̠ʊ] | ||
|gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see. | |gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ Q | ||
|translation=have you seen the white dog? | |translation=have you seen the white dog? | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|phrase=ao go negoona | |phrase=ao go negoona | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ɲɪˈɣu̯oː.n̠ɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ɲɪˈɣu̯oː.n̠ɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT SUB-LOC:ACT. | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT SUB-LOC:ACT.INCH.IND | ||
|translation=Ao moves down | |translation=Ao moves down | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|phrase=ahba lada esoonas | |phrase=ahba lada esoonas | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿ˌlɐ.ðɐ jɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿ˌlɐ.ðɐ jɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM. | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM.INCH.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I've moved to Appa | |translation=I've moved to Appa | ||
}} | }} | ||