Katäfalsen: Difference between revisions

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=== Phonetic remarks ===
=== Phonetic remarks ===
[[File:Katafalsen vowels.png|thumb|Vowel chart of a standard urban Katafalsen accent]]
[[File:Katafalsen vowels.png|thumb|Vowel chart of a standard urban Katäfalsen accent]]


The actual phonetic realisation of the phonemes depends a lot on the speaker's sociolect and also on the setting of speech. For example, a standard speaker would imitate a higher sociolect when talking to a dignitary and a lower one when talking to inferiors. Two extremes of the possible realisations are the religious and rural accents. The urban accent is considered standard.
The actual phonetic realisation of the phonemes depends a lot on the speaker's sociolect and also on the setting of speech. For example, a standard speaker would imitate a higher sociolect when talking to a dignitary and a lower one when talking to inferiors. Two extremes of the possible realisations are the religious and rural accents. The urban accent is considered standard.


Regarding vowels, the differences between the accents are marginal except for {{IPA|/ɑː/}}. {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} are consistently mid front unrounded and mid back rounded vowels, i.e. more precisely {{IPA|[e̞]}} and {{IPA|[o̞]}}. {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} tend to be slightly more open in rural accents ({{IPA|[ɪ]}} and {{IPA|[ʊ]}}) in contrast to {{IPA|[i]}} and {{IPA|[u]}} in religious accents, with the standard accent being somewhere in between. While {{IPA|/ɑ/}} is quite consistently {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, the length contrast to {{IPA|/ɑː/}} has only survived in higher sociolects. In rural accents, both phonemes have merged into {{IPA|[ɑ]}}. On the other hand, the urban standard accent has fronted {{IPA|/ɑː/}} to {{IPA|[æ]}}. {{IPA|/ø/}} varies between the mid front rounded {{IPA|[ø̞]}} in higher and the mid central rounded {{IPA|[ɵ̞]}} in lower sociolects.
Regarding vowels, the differences between the accents are marginal except for {{IPA|/ɑː/}}. {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} are consistently mid front unrounded and mid back rounded vowels, i.e. more precisely {{IPA|[e̞]}} and {{IPA|[o̞]}}. {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} tend to be slightly more open in rural accents ({{IPA|[ɪ]}} and {{IPA|[ʊ]}}) in contrast to {{IPA|[i]}} and {{IPA|[u]}} in religious accents, with the standard accent being somewhere in between. While {{IPA|/ɑ/}} is quite consistently {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, the length contrast to {{IPA|/ɑː/}} has only survived in higher sociolects. In rural and urban accents {{IPA|/ɑː/}} has been fronted to {{IPA|[æ]}}. {{IPA|/ø/}} varies between the mid front rounded {{IPA|[ø̞]}} in higher and the mid central rounded {{IPA|[ɵ̞]}} in lower sociolects.


Phonemes that are pronouned in each accent exactly like their symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet are {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/w/}} and {{IPA|/f/}}. The voiceless plosives {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} can be slightly aspirated in all accents. {{IPA|/h/}} is usually the voiceless uvular fricative {{IPA|[χ]}}. {{IPA|/s/}} is both in higher and urban sociolects {{IPA|[s]}} but {{IPA|[ʃ]}} in rural accents, which gives them a much softer sound. Being an alveolar approximant {{IPA|[ɹ]}} in the standard accent, {{IPA|/ɹ/}} is tapped in rural as well as religious accents, i.e. {{IPA|[ɾ]}}. {{IPA|/l/}} is usually velarised in religious accents ({{IPA|[ɫ]}}). An unmistakable indicator of the speaker's sociolect is the realisation of {{IPA|/ʔ/}}: In higher sociolects, the differentiation between {{IPA|/ʔ/}} and {{IPA|/ħ/}} is still prominent, with the pronunciation of the latter being {{IPA|[ħ]}}~{{IPA|[h]}}. Complete deletion of {{IPA|/ʔ/}} occurs in lower sociolects, in this case disappearing {{IPA|/ħ/}} triggers vowel mutation as mentioned in [[#Vowel mutation|Vowel mutation]].
Phonemes that are pronouned in each accent exactly like their symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet are {{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/d/}}, {{IPA|/g/}}, {{IPA|/m/}}, {{IPA|/n/}}, {{IPA|/j/}}, {{IPA|/w/}} and {{IPA|/f/}}. The voiceless plosives {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} can be slightly aspirated in all accents. {{IPA|/h/}} is usually the voiceless uvular fricative {{IPA|[χ]}}. {{IPA|/s/}} is both in higher and urban sociolects {{IPA|[s]}} but {{IPA|[ʃ]}} in rural accents, which gives them a much softer sound. Being an alveolar approximant {{IPA|[ɹ]}} in the standard accent, {{IPA|/ɹ/}} is tapped in rural as well as religious accents, i.e. {{IPA|[ɾ]}}. {{IPA|/l/}} is usually velarised in religious accents ({{IPA|[ɫ]}}). An unmistakable indicator of the speaker's sociolect is the realisation of {{IPA|/ʔ/}}: In higher sociolects, the differentiation between {{IPA|/ʔ/}} and {{IPA|/ħ/}} is still prominent, with the pronunciation of the latter being {{IPA|[ħ]}}~{{IPA|[h]}}. Complete deletion of {{IPA|/ʔ/}} occurs in lower sociolects, in this case disappearing {{IPA|/ħ/}} triggers vowel mutation as mentioned in [[#Vowel mutation|Vowel mutation]].
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