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-Ashe and Hirst's Shalaian grammar provides the following proto-language:
+:[[Idavic languages/Lexicon]]
+:[[Idavic languages/Swadesh]]
+{{Infobox language family
+| setting     = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]
+| region      = Etalocin, eastern Txapoalli, Bjeheond
+| name        = Idavic
+| familycolor = dodellic
+| family      = One of [[Tricin]]'s primary language families
+| protoname   = Proto-Idavic (PId)
+}}
+'''Idavic''' (from reconstructed Proto-Idavic ''*ʔidawi'' 'person') is a Trician language family which includes Dodellic.
+The urheimat is central-western Etalocin. Proto-Idavic is inspired by Proto-Hebrew and Proto-Balto-Slavic.
+Proto-Idavic grammar was very similar to that of Classical [[Netagin]]. Modern Idavic languages native to Etalocin have various typologies depending on the sprachbund.
+==Family tree==
+*Idavic
+** A language with Uralic grammar
+**Netagic (the only tricons branch)
+***[[Netagin]] (Optimized for piyyutim)
+** Hmoob-like language
+** [[Whitmer]]
+** [[Pategian]]
 ==Phonology==
-*Consonants: b d ǵ gw G ɓ t’ ḱ’ kʷ’ q’ p t ḱ kʷ q s h ʔ m n l r w y
+=== Consonants ===
-*Vowels: a i u ā ī ū ō
+Proto-Idavic had about 28 consonants and had a distinction between front and back coronals and front and back velars.
-*Pitch accent: modal ('''á'''), creaky ('''aˀ''')
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; "
+! colspan="2" |
+! |Labial
+! |Front coronal
+! |Back coronal
+! |Front velar
+! |Labiovelar
+! |Back velar
+! |Glottal
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Nasal
+| |'''m''' /m/
+|colspan=2|'''n''' /n̪~n&#800;/
+|colspan=3|'''ŋ''' /ɲ~ŋ/
+| |
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |Plosive
+! <small>voiceless</small>
+|'''p''' /p/
+|'''t''' /t̪/
+|'''ť''' /t&#800;/
+|'''ḱ''' /k&#799;/
+|'''k{{lab}}''' /k{{lab}}/
+|'''k''' /k&#800;/
+|'''ʔ''' /ʔ/
+|-
+! <small>voiced</small>
+|'''b''' /b/
+|'''d''' /d̪/
+|'''ď''' /d&#800;/
+|'''ǵ''' /g&#799;/
+|'''g{{lab}}''' /g{{lab}}/
+|'''g''' /g&#800;/
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Fricative
+|
+|'''s''' /s&#799;/
+|'''š''' /s̠/
+|'''x́''' /x&#799;/
+|'''x{{lab}}''' /x{{lab}}/
+|'''x''' /x&#800;/
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Affricate
+|
+|'''c''' /t&#810;s&#799;/
+|'''č''' /t&#800;s̠/
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" |Resonant
+| '''w''' /w/
+| '''l''' /l&#810;/
+| '''r''' /r/, '''ľ''' /ɺ/
+| '''y''' /j/
+|
+|
+|
+|}
+'''s c''' were lamino-dental, and '''š č''' were retracted apico-alveolar.
+=== Vowels ===
+Proto-Idavic had a vowel system similar to that of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+Proto-Netagin vowels
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="2" |Front
+! colspan="2" |Back
+|-
+! style="width: 45px; " |<small>short</small>
+! style="width: 45px; " |<small>long</small>
+! style="width: 45px; " |<small>short</small>
+! style="width: 45px; " |<small>long</small>
+|-
+! style="" |Close
+| '''i''' /ɪ/
+| '''ī''' /i:/
+| '''u''' /ʊ/
+| '''ū''' /u:/
+|-
+! style="" |Open
+| '''e''' /æ/
+| '''ē''' /æ:/
+| '''a''' /ɑ/
+| '''ā''' /ɑ:/
+|}
+Diphthongs: ay aw ey ew /ɑj ɑw ɛj ɛw/
+===Suprasegmentals ===
 ==Morphology==
-Tone changes were part of the morphology of Proto-Shalaian, as in Modern Shalian.
+Triconsonantal but only Netagin preserves this
+Intransitive and transitive forms turn into agent-oriented vs patient oriented in Netagin; most other Idavic languages retain only one of the intransitive and transitive forms.
+Proto-Idavic had only one true preposition, ''*mi''. Other meanings expressed with prepositions in English were indicated with verbs.
+=== Pronouns ===
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
+!| ||  1sg || 2sg ||  3sg  ||  1pl || 2pl || 3pl
+|-
+! Independent
+| ''*wēlu'' || ''*wēbu'' || ''-'' || ''*wēći'' || ''*wēnīʔi'' || ''-''
+|-
+! Emphatic
+| ''*hanlī'' || ''*hanbā'' || (demonstratives) || ''*hanćā''  || ''*hannīʔi'' || (demonstratives)
+|-
+! Alienable
+| ''*le-'' || ''*be-'' || ''*ʔin-'' || ''*će-'' || ''*neś-'' || ''*ʔeś-''
+|-
+! Inalienable
+| ''*-alu'' || ''*-abu'' || ''*-ī'' || ''*-ćā'' || ''*-nīʔi'' || ''*-iś''
+|-
+|}
+=== Nouns ===
+{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
+|-
+!
+! colspan=2| decl. A
+! colspan=2| decl. B
+! colspan=2| decl. D
+|-
+!
+!singular
+!plural
+!singular
+!plural
+!singular
+!plural
+|-
+|align="right"|'''Absolute state'''
+|''lēti'' ||''lētāla''
+|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱi''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱi'''''
+||''-īni''||''-ijē''
+|-
+|align="right"|'''Construct state'''
+|''lēta-'' ||''lētā-''
+|''{{aleph}}istel'''eḱa-''''' ||''{{aleph}}istel'''ahaḱa-'''''
+||''-''||''-''
+|}
+=== Verbs ===
+Stem markers mainly marked aktionsart:
+* ʔ- dynamic
+** infix allomorphs: (Vcreaky)1 telic, 1V(creaky)l2V3 iterative
+* ŋ- causative
+* s-infix: to do in advance
+* various reduplications for "a little", gradual, frequentative or "too much"
-The strong and weak declensions and the two sets of possessive markers are both Proto-Shalaian features. It is thought that verbs developed personal marking later from possessed (possibly doubly-possessed) verbal nouns.
+{| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;"
+|-
+! Stem !! Intransitive !! Transitive !! Applicative !! Transgressive !! Verbal noun
+|-
+! a-stem
+| ''*1i2a3'' || ''*-(e)12a3'' || ''*-1in2a3'' || ''*1a2ā3'' || ''*1a2ī3i'', ''*1e2ī3i''
+|-
+! e-stem
+| ''*1a2e3'' || ''*-12e3'' || ''*-1in2e3'' || ''*ʔa1e2ā3'' || ''*12e3eḱi''
+|-
+! ʔ-prefix stem
+| ''*ʔa12e3'' || ''*-ʔa12u3'' || ''*-ʔi1en2i3'' || ''*ʔa12ā3'' || ''*ʔa12ē3i''
+|-
+! {{ng}}-prefix stem
+| ''*{{ng}}a12e3'' || ''*-ŋ1a2u3'' || ''*-{{ng}}1in2i3'' || ''*{{ng}}a12ā3'' || ''*12ū3eḱi''
+|-
+! š-infix stem
+| ''*1aš2e3'' || ''*-1aš2u3'' || ''*-1išin2o3'' || ''*1aš2ā3'' || ''*1aš2ē3i''
+|-
+! ʔ-infix stem
+| ''*1aʔ2e3'' || ''*-1aʔ2u3'' || ''*-1iʔin2i3'' || ''*1aʔ2ā3'' || ''*te1aʔ2e3i''
+|-
+! 2-redup
+| ''*21a2e3'' || ''*-2a12u3'' || ''*-21in2u3'' || ''*21a2ā3'' || ''*21a23eḱi''
+|-
+! 3-redup
+| ''*1i2a3e3'' || ''*-1a23u3'' || ''*-1in2i3u3'' || ''*1a2a3ā3'' || ''*12a3ē3i''
+|-
+! 13-redup
+| ''*1i31a2e3'' || ''*-1i3a12u3'' || ''*-1i31in2u3'' || ''*1i31a2ā3'' || ''*1i31a2ē3''
+|}
+===Derivation===
+* Noun patterns: ''1a23, 1i23, 1u23, 1a22ū3, 1a2a3, 1a2i2, 1a2u3, ŋa12ū3, 1ā2a3, 1ī2a3, 1ī2ī3, 1ī2ū3''
+* ''1aʔ2ū3'' = adjective relating to personal qualities
+*''ʔe12ā3'' = agent noun
+*''1iʔ2i3'' = resultatives
+*''1aʔ2e3'' = tendency/quality of X
+*''1iʔ2a3'' = degree/measure
+*''-ām'' = augmentative (source of -om in Naeng and Eevo)
+*''-ān'' = abstract noun, collective
+*''1a2ī3'' = quality adjective
+*''1u2a3'' = resultative adjective
+*''1e2ā3'' = event
+*''śi12ū3'' = event
+*''tawa12a3''
+*''śi12a3/śi12i3'' = instrument
+*''wa12ē3/wa12ī3'' = profession
+*''ti12a3/ti12e3'' = process
+*''wa12ū3'' = patient noun
+*''wa12ā3'' = resultative noun
 ==Syntax==
-Proto-Shalaian syntax was VOS.
+Proto-Idavic was rigidly head-initial with a morphosyntax similar to Lushootseed or Austronesian. Most present-day Idavic languages (except Netagin) are less head-initial.
-==Diachronics==
-*b > v; ɓ > b; gw > g > γ > x
-*Grimm's law: pʰ tʰ ḱʰ kʷʰ qʰ > f θ ʃ x H
-*q G q' > H ayin q
-*further shifts: kʷ' > kʷ > xʷ
-*Vowel shifts: ā > /ɛɪ/ (except before pharyngeals); ō > /əʊ/, u > /ɒ/, iw > /ju:/
-*final -ā -ī shorten to -a -i
-*Loss of initial glottal stop, then loss of non-prevocalic /r/
-*Historical long vowels (also /ɑː/ from historical /ar/) shorten before /ʕ/
-===Grammar===
+[[Category:Language families]]

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Revision as of 20:21, 3 November 2022