Řeuŋnie: Difference between revisions

Řeuŋnie (view source)

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-'''Ouřefr''' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfə/ (''Ouřefrnie cijtnr'' /əʊr̝ɛfəɲeː tsijʔtnɐ/) is an [[Idavic]] language belonging to the Nabŋaic branch. It is inspired by Czech, Dutch, Cantonese, Maltese and Japanese (but mainly by the first two). It is the second most widely spoken Nabŋaic language after [[Nabbrzé]], which is the Mandarin/Russian counterpart.
+'''Řeuŋnie''' is an a priori conlang inspired by Czech, Dutch, and Cantonese.
 ==todo==
+Oebek oebek chál etjewech 'we have a lot of mountains'
+===Words===
+* 1: mál, 2: sep, 3: gej, 4: ádoš, 5: woez, 6: veunt, 7: ilem, 8: leuč, 9: mutj, 10: báj
+* ''euj'' = (literary) lo, behold
+* ''čeudj'' 'town'
+* oebek oebek = (ideo) plentiful
+* uistř 'self'
+* uistřeft  'independence'
+* beukĺ 'to repeat on a smaller scale'
+* čétijn 'always'
+* wachop = to approach
+* wach- = near
 ===Diachronics===
 #OSL
 #Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
 #Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
+#Old Řeuŋnie ć dź ś ź merge into c z s z
 #n- > l- (unless assimilating)
 ==Test==
-''Woeŋanieš uistřibt melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryž woþmyce bačirňr řeunie aš ŋávej těmzánišie. Evloedr wie doežanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
+''Woeŋanies uistřeft melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz wodmyce bacirnje řeunie aš ŋávej tjemzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
 ==Phonology==
 "Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
 ===Consonants===
-'''p b t d ť ď c (dz) č dž k g f þ s š ch w v z ž h m n ň ŋ l r ř j''' /p b t d c ɟ ts dz tʃ dʒ k ɣ f θ s ʃ x w v z ʒ h m n ɲ ŋ l~ɫ r r̝ j/
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Labial
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveolar
+! colspan="2"  scope="col"|Palatal(ized)
+! colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Nasal
+| colspan="2"|'''m''' /m/
+| colspan="2"|'''n''' /n/
+| colspan="2"|'''nj''' /ɲ/
+|colspan="2"|'''ŋ''' /ŋ/
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Plosive
+|'''p''' /p/
+|'''b''' /b/
+|'''t''' /t/
+|'''d''' /d/
+|'''tj''' /c/
+|'''dj''' /ɟ/
+|'''k''' /k/
+|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Fricative
+|'''f''' /f/
+|'''v''' /v/
+|'''s, š''' /s/
+|'''z, ž''' /z/
+| ||
+|'''ch''' /x/
+|'''g''' /{{gh}}/
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Affricate
+| colspan="2"|
+|'''c, č''' /ts/
+|
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Flap
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|'''r''' /ɾ/
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Trill
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|'''ř''' /r~r̥/
+| colspan="2"|
+| colspan="2"|
+|-
+! colspan="2" scope="row"|Approximant
+| colspan="2"|'''w''' /(Dutch w)/
+| colspan="2"|'''l''' /l~ɫ/
+| colspan="2"|'''j''' /j/, '''lj''' /ʎ/
+|
+|
+|}
+'''m n ŋ l r''' can be syllabic; when syllabic they are written '''ḿ ń ŋ́ ĺ ŕ''' and have the same length as long vowels.
-'''m n ŋ''' can be syllabic
+Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.
+Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.
 Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
-l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L possible
+/l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L to [w] possible
+In the Oeljanian accent, '''r''' is always a tap [ɾ]. In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''r''' can be uvular.
+In the Oeljanian accent, '''ř''' is realized as a voiceless trill [r̥] in voiceless environments (word-finally and adjacent to a voiceless consonant). In the Lo'edjeuan accent, '''ř''' is always voiceless [r̥]. In dialects, '''ř''' is variously pronounced like [r̝] (the Czech ''ř''), [ʐ], [ʂ], [ʒ], [ʃ], or [ð], or merges with '''r'''.
+====Notes on consonant diachronics====
+Řeuŋnie shows debuccalization of Proto-Idavic *g to '''h''' /ʕ/; compare Dutch, Czech and Ukrainian. Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v'''. /p b g/ are loan phonemes.
+Proto-Idavic *ť ď has shifted to '''*č dž''' > '''c z'''.
 ===Vowels===
-'''a e/ě i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou r ŕ''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ʏ aː(ɹ) ɛː(ɹ) ɪj~ɛɪ ɔː ʉː œː eː oː əʊ~əʏ ə ɜː/
+The spelling of Řeuŋnie vowels reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch), which also affects loanwords borrowed before the shift, such as most Netagin loans in Řeuŋnie.
+'''a e/je i/y o u á é ij/ei ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj aː yː~ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ/
+Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ/.
-*'''ě i ie ij eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
+*'''je i ie í eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
-**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cě Ceu Cij''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mě meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
+**For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cje Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mje meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
-**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cě Ci Cie Cij Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
+**For C = '''d t n''', '''Cje Ci Cie Cí Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
 *'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
 ====Notes on vowel diachronics====
+Řeuŋnie has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened. Some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Řeuŋnie more consonant clusters.
+Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
+Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Řeuŋnie u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.
 Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
-*Old Ouřefr /æː/ before velars: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /r̝œːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Ouřefr ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*reiŋu'' < PId ''*reyŋu''.
+*Old Řeuŋnie /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /rœːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Řeuŋnie ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*renwi''.
-*Old Ouřefr long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
+*Old Řeuŋnie long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
 Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.
-Most speakers today are in the process of merging '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
+Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
-===Suprasegmentals===
+As suggested by the spelling, '''ŕ''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''.
-Long vowels take two morae; downstep as in Japanese
-*baàk = /baꜜ.ak/ 'basil'
-*bàak = /ba.akꜜ/ 'feather'
-*baak = /ba.ak/ 'stump'
-Accent is not distinguished in the native orthography except in dictionaries; hence all three words above will be transliterated ''bák'', unless disambiguation is needed.
 ===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
-Some vowel letters denote palatalization of the preceding consonant. For example, dě tě ně are read as if they were spelled ďe ťe ňe.
 *hard y ~ soft i
 *hard u ~ soft i
 *hard a ~ soft ě
-*hard o ~ soft ě
 *hard ei ~ soft ij
-*hard á ~ soft eu
+*hard á ~ soft ie/eu
 *hard ou ~ soft eu
 *hard ui ~ soft eu
@@ Line 61: / Line 144: @@
 *hard ú ~ soft ij
-Long vowels result from OSL čettijn > četijn; četijn > čeetijn
+Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
-==Morphology==
-Inflectional morphology is Slavic and Germanic-inspired; clitics and syntax are Japanese-inspired
+==Syntax==
-===Nouns===
+Lifted from Korean and Japanese; completely head-final except in poetry.
-===Verbs and adjectives===
-===Clitics===
+==Poetry==
-===Numerals===
+Piyyut-like rhyming (i.e. last syllables agree) is the most common way to rhyme two words.
-===Derivational morphology===
+==Sample text==
+===UDHR===
+''Tkanje beušij na giečti kfa botsijné vo, oedḿŋo'il ze wakŕvil páčta navŕsijnéc. Beušij na toudžḿnil rachúbinil ze mačijdil sfášijm vo, iezoer oŋužeuv lama dŕmi ŋ́ku-teuzimi wášil wecsáš goezách mienic.''
+[[Category:Languages]]
+[[Category:Conlangs]]