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Glommish/de: Difference between revisions
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==Phonologie== | ==Phonologie== | ||
===Konsonanten=== | ===Konsonanten=== | ||
{|class=" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | ||
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===Vokale=== | ===Vokale=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class=" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | ||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "| | ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "| | ||
! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |vorne | ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |vorne | ||
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===Pronomina=== | ===Pronomina=== | ||
====Personalpronomina==== | ====Personalpronomina==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
! rowspan=2 | Kasus || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. || colspan=2 | 3sg. || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || rowspan="2" | 3pl. || rowspan="2" | reflexiv || rowspan="2" | impersonal | ! rowspan=2 | Kasus || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. || colspan=2 | 3sg. || rowspan=2 | 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || rowspan="2" | 3pl. || rowspan="2" | reflexiv || rowspan="2" | impersonal | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Þiúsk kennt zwei Genera (Maskulinum, Femininum) und vier Kasus (Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv). Bei Substantiven sind Nominativ- und Akkusativ-Formen allerdings identisch. Substantive werden je nach Genus unterschiedlich dekliniert. | Þiúsk kennt zwei Genera (Maskulinum, Femininum) und vier Kasus (Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv). Bei Substantiven sind Nominativ- und Akkusativ-Formen allerdings identisch. Substantive werden je nach Genus unterschiedlich dekliniert. | ||
====Artikel und Demonstrative==== | ====Artikel und Demonstrative==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Bestimmter Artikel''' | |+ '''Bestimmter Artikel''' | ||
! rowspan=2 | Kasus || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural | ! rowspan=2 | Kasus || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Unbestimmter Artikel''' | |+ '''Unbestimmter Artikel''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Demonstrativ ''þiz'' 'dieser' | |+ Demonstrativ ''þiz'' 'dieser' | ||
! rowspan=2 | Kasus || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural | ! rowspan=2 | Kasus || colspan=2 | singular || rowspan="2" | plural | ||
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====Starke Maskulin-Deklination==== | ====Starke Maskulin-Deklination==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''vulf'' (m.) 'Wolf' | ! colspan="3" | ''vulf'' (m.) 'Wolf' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''bazь'' (m.) 'Beere' | ! colspan="3" | ''bazь'' (m.) 'Beere' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''sun'' (m.) 'Sohn' | ! colspan="3" | ''sun'' (m.) 'Sohn' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''vinczel'' (m.) 'Winkel' | ! colspan="3" | ''vinczel'' (m.) 'Winkel' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Diese Substantive werden wie attributive Adjektive dekliniert. Substantive dieses Deklinationstyps sind stets maskulin, außer substantivierten femininen Adjektivformen. | Diese Substantive werden wie attributive Adjektive dekliniert. Substantive dieses Deklinationstyps sind stets maskulin, außer substantivierten femininen Adjektivformen. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''name'' (m.) 'Name' | ! colspan="3" | ''name'' (m.) 'Name' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Feminin-Deklination==== | ====Feminin-Deklination==== | ||
Substantive dieses Deklinationstyps sind im modernen Þiúsk stets feminin. Zu dieser Deklinationsklasse gehören auch Substantive mit gewissen Suffixen sowie ''-eng'', ''-hyd'', ..., sowie Lehnwörter, die ursprünglich feminin waren. | Substantive dieses Deklinationstyps sind im modernen Þiúsk stets feminin. Zu dieser Deklinationsklasse gehören auch Substantive mit gewissen Suffixen sowie ''-eng'', ''-hyd'', ..., sowie Lehnwörter, die ursprünglich feminin waren. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''naze'' (f.) 'Nase' | ! colspan="3" | ''naze'' (f.) 'Nase' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''miark'' (f.) 'Mädchen' | ! colspan="3" | ''miark'' (f.) 'Mädchen' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''áre'' (f.) 'Uhr' | ! colspan="3" | ''áre'' (f.) 'Uhr' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{|þ class=" | {|þ class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''sundie'' (f.) 'Untugend' | ! colspan="3" | ''sundie'' (f.) 'Untugend' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''starcze'' (f.) 'Stärke' | ! colspan="3" | ''starcze'' (f.) 'Stärke' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''útriakneng'' (f.) 'Endergebnis' | ! colspan="3" | ''útriakneng'' (f.) 'Endergebnis' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''hond'' (f.) 'Hand' | ! colspan="3" | ''hond'' (f.) 'Hand' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Unregelmäßige Substantive==== | ====Unregelmäßige Substantive==== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''mán'' (m.) 'Mann' | ! colspan="3" | ''mán'' (m.) 'Mann' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''fadier'' (m.) 'Vater' | ! colspan="3" | ''fadier'' (m.) 'Vater' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Auch: ''bráþier'' 'Bruder'. | Auch: ''bráþier'' 'Bruder'. | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="3" | ''mádier'' (f.) 'Mutter' | ! colspan="3" | ''mádier'' (f.) 'Mutter' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Harte/nicht-palatalisierte Adjektive: | Harte/nicht-palatalisierte Adjektive: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''hóch'' 'hoch' | |+ ''hóch'' 'hoch' | ||
! Kasus|| Singular || Plural | ! Kasus|| Singular || Plural | ||
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Weiche/palatalisierte Adjektive: | Weiche/palatalisierte Adjektive: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ ''skónь'' 'schön' | |+ ''skónь'' 'schön' | ||
! Kasus || Singular || Plural | ! Kasus || Singular || Plural | ||
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Einige Adjektive haben unregelmäßige Komparativ- und Superlativformen: | Einige Adjektive haben unregelmäßige Komparativ- und Superlativformen: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Bedeutung | ! Bedeutung | ||
! Positiv | ! Positiv | ||
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=====Harte Klasse===== | =====Harte Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''lióven'' 'lieben'''' | |+ '''''lióven'' 'lieben'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====Weiche Klasse===== | =====Weiche Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''varmien'' 'wärmen'''' | |+ '''''varmien'' 'wärmen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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====Starke Verben==== | ====Starke Verben==== | ||
=====1. Klasse===== | =====1. Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''bíten'' 'beißen'''' | |+ '''''bíten'' 'beißen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====2. Klasse===== | =====2. Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''czúren'' 'wählen'''' | |+ '''''czúren'' 'wählen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====3. Klasse===== | =====3. Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''binden'' 'binden'''' | |+ '''''binden'' 'binden'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====4. Klasse===== | =====4. Klasse===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''biaren'' 'tragen, gebären'''' | |+ '''''biaren'' 'tragen, gebären'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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<!-- | <!-- | ||
=====Strong class 5===== | =====Strong class 5===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''żaven'' 'to give'''' | |+ '''''żaven'' 'to give'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====Strong class 6===== | =====Strong class 6===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''graven'' 'to dig'''' | |+ '''''graven'' 'to dig'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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====Präteritopräsentia==== | ====Präteritopräsentia==== | ||
=====''viten'' 'wissen'===== | =====''viten'' 'wissen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''viten'' 'wissen'''' | |+ '''''viten'' 'wissen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''kónen'' 'können'===== | =====''kónen'' 'können'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''kónen'' 'können (in der Lage sein, etwas zu tun)' ''' | |+ '''''kónen'' 'können (in der Lage sein, etwas zu tun)' ''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''þurven'' 'müssen'===== | =====''þurven'' 'müssen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''þurven'' 'müssen' ''' | |+ '''''þurven'' 'müssen' ''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''dóren'' 'wagen'===== | =====''dóren'' 'wagen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''dóren'' 'wagen'''' | |+ '''''dóren'' 'wagen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''mogen'' 'können (Möglichkeit haben)'===== | =====''mogen'' 'können (Möglichkeit haben)'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''mogen'' 'können (Möglichkeit haben)' ''' | |+ '''''mogen'' 'können (Möglichkeit haben)' ''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''máten'' 'dürfen'===== | =====''máten'' 'dürfen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''máten'' 'dürfen'''' | |+ '''''máten'' 'dürfen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''vín'' 'wollen'===== | =====''vín'' 'wollen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''vín'' 'wollen'''' | |+ '''''vín'' 'wollen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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====Sonstiges==== | ====Sonstiges==== | ||
=====''bión'' 'sein'===== | =====''bión'' 'sein'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''bión'' 'sein'''' | |+ '''''bión'' 'sein'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''dán'' 'tun'===== | =====''dán'' 'tun'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''dán'' 'tun'''' | |+ '''''dán'' 'tun'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||
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=====''gán'' 'gehen'===== | =====''gán'' 'gehen'===== | ||
{| class=" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px | ||
|+ '''''gán'' 'gehen'''' | |+ '''''gán'' 'gehen'''' | ||
! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' | ||