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| Line 1,458: |
Line 1,458: |
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| The enemy wants to finish departing. | | The enemy wants to finish departing. |
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| ===More Complex Sentences===
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| In this case, the subordinate clause is always placed at the end of the sentence. The superordinate verb takes a pronouns to mark whether the subordinate verb is the accusative, ergative or intransitive argument of the verb:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! !! Accusative !! Ergative !! Intransitive
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| | Before a consonant || nó || ŋá || sí
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| | Before a vowel || ón- || áŋ- || íts-
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| | Emphatic || nò̰ || ŋà̰ || ì̤t
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| For example, from the sentence:
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| /múˈhḛ̂=ɾù ˈsâ̰pè áˈlòṳn/
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| mother=ERG know everyone
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| The mother knows everyone.
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| We can replace the object with a pronoun to get
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| /múˈhḛ̂ lán=ˈsâ̰pè/
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| mother 1PS.INCL.ACC=know
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| The mother knows us (including you).
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| If there is a subordinate clause, then the accusative pronoun is replaced with /nó/ e.g.
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| /múˈhḛ̂ nó=ˈsâ̰pè ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk kʰlè̤/
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| mother SBRD.ACC=know dog=ERG bite child
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| The mother knows the dog will bite the child.
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| If the superordinate clause's absolutive argument is also the topic of the subordinate clause, then it does not need to be mentioned twice e.g.
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| /múˈhḛ̂ nó=ˈsâ̰pè ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk/
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| mother SBRD.ACC=know dog=ERG bite
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| The mother knows the dog will bite her.
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| It would be redundant to say something like ?/múˈhḛ̂ nó=ˈsâ̰pè ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk mùˈhḛ̂/.
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| Another example where the subordinate clause is the topic of a transitive sentence:
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| /ŋá=pínjáˈpèi̤ múˈhḛ̂ ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk kʰlè̤/
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| SBRD.ERG=teach mother dog=ERG bite child
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| That the dog bit the child taught the mother.
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| Like before, if the superordinate clause's absolutive argument is also the topic of the subordinate clause, then it does not need to be mentioned twice e.g.
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| /ŋá=pínjáˈpèi̤ múˈhḛ̂ ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk/
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| SBRD.ERG=teach mother dog=ERG bite
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| That the dog bit the mother taught her (the mother).
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| And another example using an intransitive verb (in this case, one that would be an adjective in English):
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| /sí=ˈlwéʔpìd ˈḛ̂nèmì kúʔn tjǎ̤ŋ/
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| SBRD.INTR=fast enemy depart yesterday.ADV
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| It was fast for the enemy to have departed yesterday.
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| And another example using a postposition:
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| /múˈhḛ̂=ɾù ˈnòʔ=ɾí ˈdè̤sì kʰlè̤ ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk gáʔɾ/
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| mother=ERG SBRD.ACC.EMP=SEC speak child dog=ERG bite lizard
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| The mother told the child that the dog would bit the lizard.
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| And as before, the absolutive argument of the superordinate clause can be the topic of the subordinate clause e.g.
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| /múˈhḛ̂=ɾù ˈnòʔ=ɾí ˈdè̤sì kʰlè̤ ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk gáʔɾ/
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| mother=ERG SBRD.ACC.EMP=SEC speak child dog=ERG bite
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| The mother told the child that the dog would bite him (the child).
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| /múˈhḛ̂ ˈnòʔ=ɾí θú=ˈdè̤sì ˈkʰlè̤=jàuŋ ˈkʰwèi̤=zù káiʔk/
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| mother SBRD.ACC.EMP=SEC ANTIP=speak child=DAT dog=ERG bite
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| The mother told the child that the dog would bite her (the mother).
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