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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Old|Old {{PAGENAME}}]]


'''Padmanábha''' /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ 'commoners' language as opposed to Camalanàbha' or '''Padmapradhána''' /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a [[Camalic]] language spoken in Irta's Morocco. It has borrowed from [[Camalanàbha]] during the Old Padmanábha stage.
'''Padmanábha''' /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ or '''Padmapradhána''' /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Camalic]] language spoken in a Trician Island in Crackfic Tricin, called ''Padmas'' /'pæð.n̩s/ in the language. It's a descendant of [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Bhadhagha/Old|Old Bhadhagha]].


The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as a Khmer/Danish hybrid". The name ''Padmanábha'' is inspired by the Sanskrit word ''padma'' meaning lotus.
The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as Danish with Sanskrito-Khmer loans".


Its orthography is the same as in Old Padmanábha, but it underwent Khmerization from Old Padmanábha voiced and breathy voiced stops. Old Padmanábha ''r'' also became uvular and vocalized. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having approximately as many vowels as Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article ''-as'' and possessive suffixes).
Its orthography is the same as in Old Bhadhagha, but it underwent a Khmer-like vowel split from Old Bhadhagha voiced and breathy voiced stops. After the vowel split it underwent sound changes very similar to Danish: for example, Old Bhadhagha ''r'' also became uvular, and vocalized or colored adjacent vowels. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having more vowels than Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article ''-as'' and possessive suffixes).


Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch
Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch
Native PN should have fh and sh but no mh?


== Diachronics ==
== Diachronics ==
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heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes
heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes


Should breathy voice become a suprasegmental feature in pre-modern PN? (leading to a kind of vowel harmony after the Khmerization)
Assuming no adjacent R's:
<poem>
<poem>
a > /æ, E/
a, ai > /æ, E(raised)/
á > /A, iə/
ea > /æ, eə(short)/
éa > /E:, iə/
á > /A:, iə/
éi > /ae, e:/
eá(i) > /E(raised): iə/
éa > /E(raised):ə, iə/
ei > /E(raised), e(raised)/
éi > /æe, e:(raise)/
i > /e̝ i/
i > /e̝ i/
i > /əi i:/
i > /əi i:/
o > /O(lowered) O(raised)/
o > /O(lowered) O(raised)/
ó > /ao o:/
ó > /Ao o:(raise)/
u > /o(raised) u/
u > /o(raised) u/
ú > /ou u:/
ú > /ou u:/
ae > /æe/
ae > /æe/
aei > /æi/
aei > /æi Ij/
ao > /Au/
ao > /Au Iw/
aoi > /Œy/
aoi > /Œy Yy/
eao > /œ(lowered): œ:/
eao > /Œ: œ:/
eo > /aø ø:/
eo > /Œø ø:/
eoi > /øy Yy/
io, iu > /ø y/
io, iu > /ø y/
iú, iúi > /øy y:/
iú, iúi > /øy y:/
ia ua > /iə uə/
iai uai > /ie ue/
ai oi > /ə(lowered) ə(raised)/
ui > /ə(raised) ı/
oì uì > /əı, ı:/
schwa (from both unstressed a and e) > /(Seoul eo) e/
</poem>
</poem>
Final -mh disappears as in Ăn Yidiș: sraimh /sʁæ(stød)/


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
The 26 vowel [[phoneme]]s of Standard Danish (14 short and 12 long) correspond to 21 [[morphophoneme]]s (11 short and 10 long).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="4" | [[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Central vowel|Central]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! colspan="2" | {{small|unrounded}}
! colspan="2" | {{small|rounded}}
|-
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
! {{small|short}}
! {{small|long}}
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| i
| iː
| y
| yː
|
|
| u
| uː
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| e̝
| e̝ː
| ø
| øː
| ə
|
| o
| oː
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| e
| eː
| œ
| œː
| ɐ
|
| ɔ̝
| ɔ̝ː
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| æ
| ɛː
|
|
| ɑ̈
| ɑ̈ː
| ɒ
| ɒː
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}}
|+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}}
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* {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place).
* {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place).
* {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}}
* {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}}
== Orthography ==
Padmanábha is written either in the cipher of this page's Latin orthography in the Clofabic alphabet, or in the Camalic abugida.
== Grammar ==
-as def article
loses independent verbs like Jp, anna (always pronounced with stød) becomes a subject marker
Denominal adjectives: rugalach -> rugalachaí (from CN genitive), sometimes rugalaich (native) for fanciness
''Annan rinbhrainnear, Praimhín anna rugelachas mó séicmhann.'' /'ænˀn̩ 'ʁɛ̝mpʁɑ̈nɑ̈, pʁɑ̈'vi:nˀ n̩ˀ 'ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩xəs mo̝: 'sæ:jˀʊn/  = I don't think Praimhín ate the rugelach.


==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
* ''rogalach'' = a filled rolled pastry, also eaten by North African Jews in Irta
* ''rugalach'' /ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩x/ = rugelach, slightly different from ours; from a root ''r-g'' 'to love'?
* *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme -> ''ėlmi'' (eye)
* *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme /æedn̩/ (eye)


[[Category:Camalic languages]]
[[Category:Camalic languages]]
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