Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions

Proto-Hlou-Shum (view source)

Revision as of 13:20, 7 September 2014

338 bytes removed , 7 September 2014

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→‎Sound changes

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-==Sound changes==
+#ph, th, ƛh, kh, qh > resp. aspirates
-#''*qʰ'' > ''*χ''
+#First spirantization:
-#''*ʔ=ʔ'' > ''*ʔ''
+#:qʰ > χ
-#''*kʰ *cʰ *tʰ *pʰ'' > ''*x *ç *θ *ɸ''
+#:pʰ > f
-#''*ēj'' > ''*ie''
+#Radicalization:
-#''Pronominal grammaticalization begins''
+#:q > ʡ
-#''*ie'' often > ''*i'' / _#
+#:χ > ħ
-#''*c'' > ''*ŧ''
+#Assimilation of dentals:
-#''*ç *ƶ''
+#:ts, ths > ss
-#*> (laminal fricatives) > ''*θ *ð''
+#:dz, thz > zz > later z
-#*> ''*x'' _C[+coronal +plosive/affricate]
+#:ƛs > ƛʰ
-#''*k'' > ''*x'' / _{''d'', ''t'', ''ŧ''}
+#:ƛz > λ
-#''*tk'', ''*ck'' ''*tkʰ/kʰ'' > ''*xt'', ''*xŧ'', ''*kθ''
+#Some cluster changes:
-#''*ɟ'' > ''*ʎ''
+#:tk > kt
-#''Themsaran rhotacization 1:'' ''*z'' > ''*r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
+#:tp, db, kp, gb > tv, dv, kv, gv (should be earlier than PTal?)
-#coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
+#:kt, łt, kþ > xt
-#''*oi *ui'' > ''*ȳ''
+#:pþ > ps
-#''*ou'' > ''*ū''
+#:qt > ħt
-#''Tonogenesis event:'' ''*=ʔ'' > word-final tonic syllable
+#Second spirantization:
-#''*tl *dl''
+#:tʰ > þ
-#*> ''*kl *gl'' / #_
+#:kʰ > x
-#*> ''*tl *rl'' / V_
+#:ƛʰ > ł
-#''*u, *w'' > ''*y'' / C_#
+#:ʔC > C[+long]
-#''*''CC[+resonant]{C, #} > ''*''CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
+#C̓ʔ, Ch > Ce usually,
-#*Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
+#:mʔ, nʔ, lʔ, rʔ > also mp, nt, lt, rt (especially in function morphemes)
-#CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
+#:mh, nh, lh, rh > also nf, nþ, lþ, rþ
-#''*ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
+#Loss of laterals (nearly unique to Themsaran?):
-#''*mʔ, *nʔ, *lʔ, *rʔ'' > ''*mp, *nt, *lt, *rt''; ''*mh, *nh, *lh, *rh'' > ''*mɸ, *nθ, *lθ, *rθ''
+#:ƛ > ŧ /ts/
-#''*nr'' > ''*ndr'', ''*lr'' > ''*ldr''
+#:ł > þ
-#''Verbal tone patterns are established''
+#:λ > l, λλ > ld
-#''*h''
+#:ḽ > ð, ḽḽ > lð
-#*> [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
+#Rhotacization:
-#*> [~ː] / _#
+#:z > r / _C[+voiced]
-#''*ʔ''
+#:dl > rl
-#*> [ː~] / _C
+#Epenthetic vowels are added:
-#*> [~ː] / _#
+#:CC[+resonant]# > CyC[+resonant]# and in many functional morphemes.
-#''*q *χ'' > ''*ʡ *ħ''
+#w > v (a velarized labiodental approximant)
-#''*ʁ'' > ''*ʕ'' / unless _C[+voiced] or _V[+close]
+#ʁ / V_V, _C[+coronal] > v (a Themsarian-only sound change)
-#''*w, *ʁ'' > ''*v''
+#ʁ otherwise > ʕ
-#''*ʕ'' > ''*ħ''
+#Loss of glottal stop:
-#*> 0 / otherwise
+#*clitic =ʔ becomes final downstep
-#''*ʡ''
+#*vowel contractions: (~ denotes *ʔ or *h)
-#*> ''ħ'' / _{''*t'', ''*ŧ''}
+#*''*a~ > ā''
-#C[+radical] > ''a'' / _#
+#*''*a~e, *ajV *a~i > ae''
+#*''*aj, a~ī > ai''
-===Diphthongs===
+#*''*a~o, *awV(sometimes), *a~u > ao''
-Note: ~ denotes ''*ʔ'' or ''*h''
+#*''*aw, > au (sometimes)''
+#*''*e~C > eaC''
-*''*a~'' > ''ā''
+#*''*ej, *ew, *e~ī > ei''
-*''*a~e, *ajV, *a~i'' > ''ae''
+#*''*e~u, *e~ū > ju, jū''
-*''*aj, *a~ī'' > ''ai''
+#*''*ēj > ie''
-*''*a~o, *awV (sometimes), *a~u'' > ''ao''
+#*''*ē~ > ie (sometimes)''
-*''*aw, *aū'' > ''au''
+#*''*i~C > ieC''
-*''*e~C'' > ''eaC''
+#*''*o~C > oaC''
-*''*ej, *e~ī'' > ''ei''
+#*''*o~i, oj, u~i, uj > ȳ''
-*''*ew'' > ''io''
+#*''*o~ī > oi''
-*''*e~u, *e~ū'' > ''iu, iū''
+#*''*ow > ū''
-*''*ēj'' > ''ie''
+#*''*u~C > uoC''
-*''*ē~'' > ''ie'' (sometimes)
+#*''*u~ī > ui''
-*''*i~C'' > ''ieC''
+#ʕ > ħ
-*''*o~C'' > ''oaC''
+#vv. zz > wv z
-*''*o~i, oj, u~i, uj'' > ''ȳ''
+#bb, dd, gg > mb, nd, ng
-*''*o~ī'' > ''oi''
+#also qq ħħ > q ħ, lengthening previous vowel
-*''*ow'' > ''ū''
+#Loss of word-final radicals:
-*''*u~C'' > ''uoC''
+C[+radical] > a / _#
-*''*u~ī'' > ''ui''
-[[Category:Diachronics]]