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Proto-Hlou-Shum: Difference between revisions
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→Sound changes
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#:''*χ > *ħ'' | #:''*χ > *ħ'' | ||
#Assimilation of dentals: | #Assimilation of dentals: | ||
#:''*ts * | #:''*ts *tʰs'' > *ss'' | ||
#:''*dz * | #:''*dz *tʰz'' > ''*zz'' > later ''*z'' | ||
#:''*ƛs > *ƛʰ'' | #:''*ƛs > *ƛʰ'' | ||
#:''*ƛz > λ'' | #:''*ƛz > *λ'' | ||
#Some cluster changes: | #Some cluster changes: | ||
#:''*tk > *kt'' | #:''*tk > *kt'' | ||
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#:''*ʡt'' > ''*ħt'' | #:''*ʡt'' > ''*ħt'' | ||
#Second spirantization: | #Second spirantization: | ||
#:tʰ > þ | #:''*tʰ > *þ'' | ||
#:kʰ > x | #:''*kʰ > *x'' | ||
#:ƛʰ > ł | #:''*ƛʰ > *ł'' | ||
#:ʔC > C[+long] | #:ʔC > C[+long] | ||
# | #Cʔ, Ch > Ce usually | ||
#:mʔ | #:''*mʔ *nʔ *lʔ *rʔ'' > also ''*mp *nt *lt *rt'' (especially in function morphemes) | ||
#:mh | #:''*mh *nh *lh *rh'' > also ''*nf *nþ *lþ *rþ'' | ||
#Loss of laterals (nearly unique to | #Loss of laterals (nearly unique to Themsarian?): | ||
#:ƛ > ŧ /ts/ | #:''*ƛ > *ŧ'' /ts/ | ||
#:ł > þ | #:''*ł > *þ'' | ||
#:λ > l, λλ > ld | #:''*λ > *l'', ''*λλ > *ld'' | ||
#:ḽ > ð, ḽḽ > lð | #:''*ḽ > *ð'', ''*ḽḽ > *lð'' | ||
#Rhotacization: | #Rhotacization: | ||
#:z > r / _C[+voiced] | #:''*z > *r'' / _C[+voiced] | ||
#:dl > rl | #:''*dl > *rl'' | ||
#Epenthetic vowels are added: | #Epenthetic vowels are added: | ||
#:CC[+resonant]# > CyC[+resonant]# and in many functional morphemes. | #:CC[+resonant]# > CyC[+resonant]# and in many functional morphemes. | ||
#w > v | #''*w'' > ''*v'' /ʋˠ/ | ||
#ʁ / V_V, _C[+coronal] > v (a Themsarian-only sound change) | #''*ʁ'' / V_V, _C[+coronal] > ''*v'' (a Themsarian-only sound change) | ||
#ʁ otherwise > ʕ | #''*ʁ'' otherwise > ''*ʕ'' | ||
#Loss of glottal stop: | #Loss of glottal stop: | ||
#*clitic =ʔ becomes final downstep | #*clitic ''*=ʔ'' becomes final downstep | ||
#*vowel contractions: (~ denotes *ʔ or *h) | #*vowel contractions: (~ denotes ''*ʔ'' or ''*h'') | ||
#*''*a~ > ā'' | #*''*a~ > ā'' | ||
#*''*a~e, *ajV *a~i > ae'' | #*''*a~e, *ajV *a~i > ae'' | ||
#*''*aj, a~ī > ai'' | #*''*aj, a~ī > ai'' | ||
#*''*a~o | #*''*a~o (*awV) *a~u > ao'' | ||
#*''*aw | #*''*(aw) > au'' | ||
#*''*e~C > eaC'' | #*''*e~C > eaC'' | ||
#*''*ej | #*''*ej *ew *e~ī > ei'' | ||
#*''*e~u | #*''*e~u *e~ū > ju, jū'' | ||
#*''*ēj > ie'' | #*''*ēj > ie'' | ||
#*''*ē~ > ie | #*''(*ē~ > ie)'' | ||
#*''*i~C > ieC'' | #*''*i~C > ieC'' | ||
#*''*o~C > oaC'' | #*''*o~C > oaC'' | ||
#*''*o~i | #*''*o~i oj u~i uj > ȳ'' | ||
#*''*o~ī > oi'' | #*''*o~ī > oi'' | ||
#*''*ow > ū'' | #*''*ow > ū'' | ||