Hivantish/Proto-Hivantic: Difference between revisions

Hivantish/Proto-Hivantic (view source)

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-'''Proto-Hivantish''' is the hypothetical IE ancestor (or immediate predecessor) of Hivantish.
+==Phonology==
+e o -> i u
-{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
+zero grade vowel -> a
-|+ ''wə́lkoς'' 'wolf' (< {{recon|wĺ̥kʷos}})
-|-
+eh1 oh1 eh2 oh2 eh3 oh3 -> ee uu aa oo aa oo
-!| !! Singular !! Plural
-|-
+ey oy ew ow iH uH -> ii ui iu uu ii uu
-!|Nominative
-|''wə́lkoς''||''wə́lkāς''
+syllabic nasal + H -> å
-|-
-!|Genitive
+rh1 rh2 rh3 -> år, lh1 lh2 lh3 -> ål
-|''wə́lkāςo, wə́lkā''||''wə́lkoHon''
-|-
+p/b bh t/d dh k' g' g'h k/g gh -> p v t d s c z k g
-!|Dative
-|''wə́lkāi''||''wə́lkaβoς''
+pH tH kH -> f þ h
-|-
-!|Accusative
+s -> h; ruki'd s -> r
-|''wə́lkon'' ||''wə́lkǫς''
-|-
+===Nasal Spirant Rule===
-!|Ablative
+in+fricative -> ee+fricative, an+fricative -> å+fricative
-|''wə́lkeat'' ||''wə́lkaβoς''
-|-
+===Modern Hivantish===
-!|Loc./Inst.
+Vowel length turns into vowel quality (but not the same vowels as in Icelandic)
-|''wə́lkeat'' ||''wə́lkaβi''
-|-
+å oo uu -> ó ú y
-!|Vocative
-|''wə́lke!'' ||''wə́lkāς!''
+a aa ee i ii u -> a á é i y u
-|}
+ai ui iu ia ua -> æ ö ie é ó
+PIE sm sn sl sr sw sy -> hm hn hl hr hw hj /m n ɬ ʂ ʍ j/
+PIE sp st sk' sk -> sp st s sk
+Numbers: ænur/æna/æn, twæ/twá, tryr, kitór, pinkir, hwyr, hipta, usta, nöwa, tisa
+æmpirtisa, twápirtisa, trypirtisa, kitórpirtisa, ..., twátisa
+: trytisa
+: kiturtisa
+: pinkitisa
+: hwystisa
+: hiptantisa
+: ustátisa
+: nöwantisa
+: sant