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Tjoc: Difference between revisions
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→Nouns, gender and number
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Nouns can be both singular (denoting just one object) and plural (denoting more than one object). The formation of plural is not always so simple, because there are four ways to form it: | Nouns can be both singular (denoting just one object) and plural (denoting more than one object). The formation of plural is not always so simple, because there are four ways to form it: | ||
1) Some uter nouns take - | 1) Some uter nouns take -e suffix; | ||
2) some uter nouns take -(e)n suffix; | 2) some uter nouns take -(e)n suffix; | ||
3) some uter nouns take no suffix, some of these undergo a root vowel change too; | 3) some uter nouns take no suffix, some of these undergo a root vowel change too; | ||
4) neuter nouns take no suffix, that is singular and plural forms are identical. | 4) neuter nouns take no suffix, that is singular and plural forms are identical. | ||
Generally uter nouns ending in -ing or consonant have the first kind of plural, whereas uter nouns ending in -e have the second kind of plural. Some monosyllabic uter nouns ending in consonant experiment a root vowel modification, but they are just few. Endly some uter words have got two kinds of plural: a regular one (in - | Generally uter nouns ending in -ing or consonant have the first kind of plural, whereas uter nouns ending in -e have the second kind of plural. Some monosyllabic uter nouns ending in consonant experiment a root vowel modification, but they are just few. Endly some uter words have got two kinds of plural: a regular one (in -e or -en) and an irregular one (with no ending at all or/and a root vowel change). | ||
Some nouns with their plural form and meaning | Some nouns with their plural form and meaning | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|stån | |stån | ||
| | |ståne | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|stone | |stone | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|skjoun | |skjoun | ||
| | |skjoune | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|sky, heaven | |sky, heaven | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|dag | |dag | ||
| | |dage | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|day | |day | ||
|- | |- | ||
|åfning | |åfning | ||
| | |åfninge | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|afternoon | |afternoon | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|atelkund | |atelkund | ||
| | |atelkunde | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|nobleman | |nobleman | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|lerend | |lerend | ||
| | |lerend | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|teacher | |teacher | ||
|- | |- | ||
|frjond | |frjond | ||
| | |frjonde / frynd | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|friend | |friend | ||
|- | |- | ||
|wjond | |wjond | ||
| | |wjonde / wynd | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|enemy | |enemy | ||
|- | |- | ||
|lind | |lind | ||
| | |linde / lind | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|lover | |lover | ||
|- | |- | ||
|hůnn | |hůnn | ||
| | |hůnne | ||
|uter | |uter | ||
|dog | |dog | ||
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The nouns ending in '-nd' are present participles and have two kinds of plural: | The nouns ending in '-nd' are present participles and have two kinds of plural: | ||
* '- | * '-e' plural, that is quite spread; | ||
* zero plural, that is quite literary. | * zero plural, that is quite literary. | ||
Though the nouns in '- | Though the nouns in '-jond' have got both an '-e' plural and a zero plural with a vowel change from '-jo-' to '-y-'. In this case the second form is the most spread. | ||
The nouns ending in vowel + 'f' lose final 'f' when forming plural. | The nouns ending in vowel + 'f' lose final 'f' when forming plural. | ||