Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| ====Other verbs==== | | ====Other verbs==== |
| Other verbs come from noun derivation patterns, or from earlier verb + noun collocations. | | Other verbs come from noun derivation patterns, or from earlier verb + noun collocations. |
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| === Auxiliaries ===
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| The auxiliary ''ri'' comes from ''ru2i'', the imperative of ''ra2ō'' 'to see'. ''Ri'' is not used in subordinate clauses:
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| *'''''Ri''' Đavíð þaś žin.'' = David is about to sleep.
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| *'''''Pið''' Đavíð þaś žin, r'u dal bə xapuð uras.'' = When David goes to sleep, he doesn't turn off the lights.
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| Yes-no questions are marked by a rising intonation, using the focus particle ''=nr'' (cognate to Hebrew נא) after the word/phrase whose truth value is asked about, and dropping ''ri'' in sentences with a nominal subject. In sentences without a specific focused constituent, ''nr'' appears sentence-finally in sentences with no finite verb, and after the finite verb if there is one.
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| * ''Đavíð þaś žin nə?'' = Is David going to bed? (neutral)
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| * ''Đavíð n þaś žin?'' = Is it David who's going to bed?
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| * ''Fows n tə [neśú] jaś Marí amž?'' = Did you marry Marí yesterday?
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| * ''Fows tan [neśú] jaś Marí amž?'' = Is it you who married Marí yesterday?
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| Finite forms of ''kaht'' 'to take' can be used as an auxiliary meaning 'to go ahead and VERB/to take the liberty to VERB/take the initiative to VERB'. Knench-influenced English dialects use ''take'' in a similar way: ''I took to buy spare parts myself, because my department wouldn't give me any.''
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| To express the passive in the non-perfective tenses, the VN form ''bur'' of the passive auxiliary is used: ''Ri tawðas bə bur vdųś'' 'The door is opened (by someone)'.
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| ===Prepositions=== | | ===Prepositions=== |