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Qwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions
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!<small>aspirated</small> | !<small>aspirated</small> | ||
| pʰ || pʶʰ | | pʰ || pʶʰ | ||
| | | t{{den}}ʰ || t̪ʶʰ | ||
| | | | ||
| k̟ʰ | | k̟ʰ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!<small>unaspirated</small> | !<small>unaspirated</small> | ||
| | | p || pʶ | ||
| | | t{{den}} | ||
| | | t{{den}}ʶ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | k˖ | ||
|colspan=2| | |colspan=2| q̟~ʔʶ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan="2"|Continuant | !rowspan="2"|Continuant | ||
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* [ŋ̟ ɴ̟] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel. | * [ŋ̟ ɴ̟] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel. | ||
* /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weakly fricated [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. | * /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weakly fricated [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. | ||
* | * Aspirated stops (written as voiceless in the orthography) are consistently aspirated; voiced stops may be weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) or completely devoiced (as in Icelandic). Voiced stops are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant: ''nectbw'' [ˈnɛk̟ʰtʲʰp⁼ü] 'we will write', and when they are geminated: ''mitcebbir'' [m{{laxi}}t{{den}}{{pal}}'k{{adv}}{{laxe}}p:ər{{pal}}] 'arrogant'. Voiceless stops are also slightly longer than voiced ones. Unaspirated geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Word-final geminates surface as compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel (cf. Irish and Hebrew). | ||
* Emphatic consonants have the feature +RTR (retracted tongue root). Emphatic unaspirated stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ̟/ is particularly prone to devoicing. | * Emphatic consonants have the feature +RTR (retracted tongue root). Emphatic unaspirated stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ̟/ is particularly prone to devoicing. | ||
* Preuvular consonants are halfway between velar and uvular for most speakers but are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common for older speakers. /ɢ̟/ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''. | * Preuvular consonants are halfway between velar and uvular for most speakers but are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common for older speakers. /ɢ̟/ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''. | ||