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== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==


Phonology
The phonology of the PPA pidgin was initially very unstable, as most words retained the pronunciation of their source language. In the creolization phase, the various sounds will begin to form a coherent phonetic set and sound system for vowels and consonants. During pidgin formation, languages reduced their phonotactics to a minimum to make their messages more understandable.
The phonology of the PPA pidgin was initially very unstable, as most words retained the pronunciation of their source language. In the creolization phase, the various sounds will begin to form a coherent phonetic set and sound system for vowels and consonants. During pidgin formation, languages reduced their phonotactics to a minimum to make their messages more understandable. '''See: ''<u>Early PPA and Late PPA</u>'''''
 
Phonology of Early PPA (year 2050-2150)
The first stable phonemic inventory after pidgin creolization was the result of the unconscious agreement of the first speakers. Initially, after the complex evolutions that the phonemes of the original languages underwent, it consisted of a set of 43 phonemes: 19 consonants, 11 sonorants, 2 approximants, 11 vowels and 3 or 2 tones. The number of tones depends on the analysis.
 
Consonants
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
| m
|n
|ɳ
|ɲ
|ŋ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!Voiceless
|p
|t
|ʈ
|c
|k
|ʔ
|-
!Voiced
|b
|d
|
|ɟ
|g
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
!Voiceless
|f
|s
|
|ʃ
|x
|h
|-
!Voiced
|v
|z
|
|ʒ
|ɣ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Liquid
!Rhotic
|β
|r
|ɻ
|ɾ
|
|
|-
! Lateral
|
|l
|ɭ
|
|
|
|}
 
Vowels and approximants
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Approximant
| j
|
|w
|-
! rowspan="2" |High
|i
| rowspan="2" |ɨ
|u
|-
|ɪ
|ʊ
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid
|e
| rowspan="2" |ə
|o
|-
|ɛ
|ɔ
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}
 
Tones
While it is true that the tones were pronounced in the early PPA stage, they were not inherited in either the late PPA stage or the proto-Antarctican stage. Therefore, they will not be transcribed, as they are not relevant to later descendants.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Complex
!Simplified
!Diacritic
|-
!High
|˦˥
|˦
|á (Acute accent)
|-
!Mid
|˦˧˨
|(˧)
|a (Without accent)
|-
!Low
|˨˩
|˨
|à (Grave accent)
|}
 
Phonology of Late PPA (year 2150-2250)
Subsequently, the phonemic inventory was halved, merging whole phonemes, eliminating tones and leaving only 21 phonemes: 9 consonants, 5 sonorants, 2 approximants, 5 vowels and 0 tones.
 
Consonants
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
!Labial
!Coronal
! Dorsal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
|m
|n
|ŋ
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
!Voiceless
|p
|t
|k
|-
!Voiced
|b
|d
|g
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|f
|s
|h
|-
! rowspan="2" |Liquid
!Rhotic
|
|r
|
|-
!Lateral
|
|l
|
|}
 
Vowels and approximants
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Approximant
| j
|
|w
|-
!High
|i
|
|u
|-
!Mid
|e
|
|o
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}
 
 


Phonology of Early PPA (year 2050-2150): The first stable phonemic inventory after pidgin creolization was the result of the unconscious agreement of the first speakers. Initially, after the complex evolutions that the phonemes of the original languages underwent, it consisted of a set of 43 phonemes: 19 consonants, 11 sonorants, 2 approximants, 11 vowels and 3 or 2 tones. The number of tones depends on the analysis.


Phonology of Late PPA (year 2150-2250): Subsequently, the phonemic inventory was halved, merging whole phonemes, eliminating tones and leaving only 21 phonemes: 9 consonants, 5 sonorants, 2 approximants, 5 vowels and 0 tones.


=== Orthography ===
=== Orthography ===
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=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
=== Vowels ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="3" |Coronal
! colspan="2" |Dorsal
|-
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal
|m
|n
|(ɳ)
|(ɲ)
|ŋ
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
!Voiceless
|p
|t
|(ʈ)
|(c)
|k
|(ʔ)
|-
!Voiced
|b
|d
|
|(ɟ)
|g
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
!Voiceless
|f
|s
|
|(ʃ)
|(x)
|h
|-
!Voiced
|(v)
|(z)
|
|(ʒ)
|(ɣ)
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Liquid
!Rhotic
|(β)
|r
|(ɻ)
|(ɾ)
|
|
|-
!Lateral
|
|l
|(ɭ)
|
|
|
|}
 
=== Vowels and approximants ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
!Approximant
|j
|
|w
|-
! rowspan="2" |High
|i
| rowspan="2" |(ɨ)
|u
|-
|(ɪ)
|(ʊ)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Mid
|e
| rowspan="2" |(ə)
|o
|-
|(ɛ)
|(ɔ)
|-
!Low
|
|a
|
|}
 
=== Prosody ===
=== Prosody ===
==== Stress ====
 
==== Intonation ====
The system of prosody, stress and intonation, was derived from tones. While it is true that the tones were pronounced in the early PPA stage, they were not inherited in either the late PPA stage or the proto-Antarctican stage. Therefore, they will not be transcribed, as they are not relevant to later descendants.
 
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Complex
!Simplified
!Diacritic
|-
!High
|˦˥
|˦
|á (Acute accent)
|-
!Mid
|˦˧˨
|(˧)
|a (Without accent)
|-
!Low
|˨˩
|˨
|à (Grave accent)
|}
 
=== Phonotactics ===
=== Phonotactics ===
=== Morphophonology ===
=== Morphophonology ===
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