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Maryan Coptic: Difference between revisions
→Adjectives
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===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
All adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and agree to nouns in terms of gender (masculine/feminine). Most feminine forms of adjectives end in either ''ei'' (ⲉ) or a long vowel. | All adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and agree to nouns in terms of gender (masculine/feminine). Most feminine forms of adjectives end in either ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) or a long vowel. | ||
Adjectives ending in a consonant | Adjectives ending in a consonant decline to their feminine form by adding the feminine ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) suffix. In adjectives descended from the qualitative case of class 5 verbs, ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) and the final consonant undergo metathesis. | ||
* {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛ'''}} (open) > {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛⲉ'''}} | * {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛ'''}} (''wēn'', open) > {{cop|'''ⳣⲏⲛⲉ'''}} (''wēne'') | ||
* {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫ'''}} (sweet) > {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫⲉ'''}} | * {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫ'''}} (''holc'', sweet) > {{cop|'''ϩⲟⲗϫⲉ'''}} (''holce'') | ||
* {{cop|''' | * {{cop|'''ⲁⲩⲓⲛ'''}} (''auin'', yellow) > {{cop|'''ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲉ'''}} (''auine'') | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲗⲁϧⲉⲙ'''}} (''laḫem'') boiled) > {{cop|'''ⲗⲁϧⲙⲉ'''}} (''laḫme'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ϧⲟⲧⲉⲗ'''}} (''ḫotel'') various) > {{cop|'''ϧⲟⲑⲗⲉ'''}} (''ḫotʰle'') | |||
Adjectives with a long vowel and ending in ''ei'' (ⲉ) are prone to replacing their long vowel with a short equivalent and a consonant, usually ''ro'' (ⲣ) and sometimes ''tau'' (ⲧ). The exact consonant is largely unpredictable without historical context. | Adjectives with a long vowel and ending in ''ei'' ({{cop|ⲉ}}) are prone to replacing their long vowel with a short equivalent and a consonant, usually ''ro'' ({{cop|ⲣ}}) and sometimes ''tau'' ({{cop|ⲧ}}). The exact consonant is largely unpredictable without historical context. | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲙⲏⲧⲉ'''}} (central) > {{cop|'''ⲙⲁⲑⲣⲉ'''}} (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''mtr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈmøtɾə/}}) | * {{cop|'''ⲙⲏⲧⲉ'''}} (''mēte'', central) > {{cop|'''ⲙⲁⲑⲣⲉ'''}} (''matʰre'') (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''mtr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈmøtɾə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|'''ϩⲏⲕⲉ'''}} (hungry) > {{cop|'''ϩⲁⲭⲣⲉ'''}} (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''ḥqr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈħøqʼɾə/}}) | * {{cop|'''ϩⲏⲕⲉ'''}} (''hēke'', hungry) > {{cop|'''ϩⲁⲭⲣⲉ'''}} (''hakʰre'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''ḥqr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈħøqʼɾə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲣⲱⲙⲉ'''}} (human) > {{cop|'''ⲣⲟⲙⲧⲉ'''}} (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''rmṯ.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈɾamtə/}}) | * {{cop|'''ⲣⲱⲙⲉ'''}} (''rōme'', human) > {{cop|'''ⲣⲟⲙⲧⲉ'''}} (''romte'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''rmṯ.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈɾamtə/}}) | ||
* {{cop|'''ⲧⲱϣⲉ'''}} (dark red) > {{cop|'''ⲧⲁϣⲣⲉ'''}} (from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''dšr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈtʼaʃɾə/}}) | * {{cop|'''ⲧⲱϣⲉ'''}} (''tōše'', dark red) > {{cop|'''ⲧⲁϣⲣⲉ'''}} (''tašre'', from pseudo-Late Egyptian ''dšr.t'' *{{IPA|/ˈtʼaʃɾə/}}) | ||
All Greek-derived adjectives have a masculine declension of {{cop|-ⲟⲥ}} (''-os'') and a feminine declension of {{cop|-ⲏ}} (''-ē''). | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲁⲝⲓⲟⲥ'''}} (''axios'', worthy) > {{cop|'''ⲁⲝⲓⲏ'''}} (''axiē'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲟⲥ'''}} (''koinos'', common) > {{cop|'''ⲕⲟⲓⲛⲏ'''}} (''koinē'') | |||
* {{cop|'''ⲧⲟⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥ'''}} (''topikos'', local) > {{cop|'''ⲧⲟⲡⲓⲕⲏ'''}} (''topikē'') | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||