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Faiten: Difference between revisions
→Demonstrative Pronouns
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| style="text-align:center;" | '''m''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''m''' | ||
m, me, mp, mme, lm, chm, gm, mn, mh | m, me, mp, mme, lm, chm, gm, mn, mh, sme, | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | '''p̚''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''p̚''' | ||
p, pe, mp, lp, b, mpe, f, ph, pt, ft, bp | p, pe, mp, lp, b, mpe, f, ph, pt, ft, bp, lf, be | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | '''n''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''n''' | ||
n, ne, nt, l, lt, hn, nne, ll, le, | n, ne, nt, l, lt, hn, nne, ll, le, sne, nne, | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | '''t̚''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''t̚''' | ||
t, te, nt, lt, d, tt, th, nte, st, tch, dt | t, te, nt, lt, d, tt, th, nte, st, tch, dt, de, the, | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | '''ŋ''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''ŋ''' | ||
ng, nn, gne, gn, nh, nc, ngh, | ng, nn, gne, gn, nh, nc, ngh, nque, | ||
| style="text-align:center;" | '''k̚''' | | style="text-align:center;" | '''k̚''' | ||
k, ke, que, c, ch, g, nk, lk, ct, ck, gk | k, ke, que, c, ch, g, nk, lk, ct, ck, gk, gh, ge | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|1<sup>st</sup> Person | |1<sup>st</sup> Person | ||
|吾, 我, 余, 俺, 台, 朕, 阮, 咱, 剌, 僕, 婢, 偶, 厓, 祽, 偔 | |吾<sub>[ŋu]</sub>, 我<sub>[ŋa]</sub>, 余<sub>[y]</sub>, 俺<sub>[em]</sub>, 台<sub>[i]</sub>, 朕<sub>[dɨm]</sub>, 阮<sub>[ŋi̯on]</sub>, 咱<sub>[t͡san]</sub>, 剌<sub>[lat̚]</sub>, 僕<sub>[buk̚]</sub>, 婢<sub>[bi̯e]</sub>, 偶<sub>[u]</sub>, 厓<sub>[ge]</sub>, 祽<sub>[t͡so̯u]</sub>, 偔<sub>[ŋak̚]</sub> | ||
| rowspan="3" |Singular Pronoun + 曹 [zau̯] | | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |Singular Pronoun + 曹<sub>[zau̯]</sub> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2<sup>nd</sup> Person | |2<sup>nd</sup> Person | ||
|汝, 爾, 尓, 迺, 叒, 君, 卿, 農, 恁, 儕, 子, 倷, 㑚, 英, 眉 | |汝<sub>[ni̯o]</sub>, 爾<sub>[nen]</sub>, 尓<sub>[ni̯e]</sub>, 迺<sub>[nai̯]</sub>, 叒<sub>[ni̯ak̚]</sub>, 君<sub>[ki̯un]</sub>, 卿<sub>[kʰi̯aŋ]</sub>, 農<sub>[nɔŋ]</sub>, 恁<sub>[nim]</sub>, 儕<sub>[ʐə]</sub>, 子<sub>[t͡si]</sub>, 倷<sub>[nə]</sub>, 㑚<sub>[nɐ]</sub>, 英<sub>[i̯aŋ]</sub>, 眉<sub>[mi]</sub> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3<sup>rd</sup> Person | |3<sup>rd</sup> Person | ||
|伊, 人, 佢, 諾, 佗, 亓, 厥, 渠, 夫, 㞢, 伢, 夷, 它, 亳, 㑢 | |伊<sub>[i]</sub>, 人<sub>[nin]</sub>, 佢<sub>[kʰøy]</sub>, 諾<sub>[nak̚]</sub>, 佗<sub>[dɔ]</sub>, 亓<sub>[gi]</sub>, 厥<sub>[ki̯ut̚]</sub>, 渠<sub>[gi̯o]</sub>, 夫<sub>[vu]</sub>, 㞢<sub>[t͡ɕi]</sub>, 伢<sub>[i̯a]</sub>, 夷<sub>[i]</sub>, 它<sub>[tʰa]</sub>, 亳<sub>[bak̚]</sub>, 㑢<sub>[kʰi̯ak̚]</sub> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Singular | |Singular | ||
|這, 此, 箇, 葛, 益, 遮, 是, 斯, 茲, 茊, 者, 只, 拓, 邇, 即, 呢 | |這<sub>[an]</sub>, 此<sub>[t͡sʰe]</sub>, 箇<sub>[ka]</sub>, 葛<sub>[kat̚]</sub>, 益<sub>[i̯ek̚]</sub>, 遮<sub>[t͡ɕi̯a]</sub>, 是<sub>[de]</sub>, 斯<sub>[se]</sub>, 茲<sub>[zi]</sub>, 茊<sub>[ʑi]</sub>, 者<sub>[ta]</sub>, 只<sub>[t͡ɕi̯e]</sub>, 拓<sub>[tʰak̚]</sub>, 邇<sub>[ni̯e]</sub>, 即<sub>[t͡sik̚]</sub>, 呢<sub>[ni]</sub> | ||
|那, 彼, 其, 兀, 個, 許, 介, 乢, 艾, 埃, 改, 該, 嚀, 遐, 兜, 箕 | |那<sub>[na]</sub>, 彼<sub>[fe]</sub>, 其<sub>[gu]</sub>, 兀<sub>[gu̯ot̚]</sub>, 個<sub>[kɔ]</sub>, 許<sub>[hi̯o]</sub>, 介<sub>[kei̯]</sub>, 乢<sub>[kap̚]</sub>, 艾<sub>[ŋai̯]</sub>, 埃<sub>[ai̯]</sub>, 改<sub>[kai̯]</sub>, 該<sub>[kɛ]</sub>, 嚀<sub>[neŋ]</sub>, 遐<sub>[ha]</sub>, 兜<sub>[tou̯]</sub>, 箕<sub>[kɨ]</sub> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Plural | |Plural | ||
| colspan="2" |Singular Proximal/Distal + 等 [toŋ] | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Singular Proximal/Distal + 等<sub>[toŋ]</sub> | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Interrogative Pronouns === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| colspan="2" |'''Table 3.3''' | |||
|- | |||
|What | |||
|何, 啥, 麼, 乜, 淡, 奚, 曷, 底 | |||
|- | |||
|Who | |||
|誰, 疇, 孰, 誰人, 何人, 何者, 阿誰, 哪𠰻, 啥儂, 底儂, | |||
|- | |||
|When | |||
|曷, 何時, 幾時, 哪久, 底時, 何時節, 當, 曷 | |||
|- | |||
|Why | |||
|何為, 何以, 何故, 何居, 何意, 何由, 緣何, 胡, 奚, 曷, 哪, | |||
|- | |||
|Where | |||
|何處, 何許, 何方, 安, 選, 哪, 狃, 阿裡, 佗位, 哪搭, 邊 | |||
|- | |||
|How | |||
|何其, 如何, 奈何, 若何, 仰仔, 按怎, 做呢, 訾那, 焉, 咋, | |||
|} | |||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
In Faiten, the noun system is characterized by its simplicity and lack of inflection. Nouns in Faiten do not undergo changes to indicate case, gender, or number. Unlike many other languages, where nouns can take on different forms depending on their role in a sentence or their grammatical characteristics, Faiten nouns remain constant. This means that the same noun form is used regardless of whether it is the subject, object, singular, or plural. To indicate the number of the noun, Faiten incorporates the use of quantifier particles to specify the quantity or provide detailed counting of nouns. These particles are essential for indicating the number associated with a particular noun. Instead of relying on inflection or morphological changes within the noun itself, Faiten speakers utilise quantifier particles to convey precise numeric information. | In Faiten, the noun system is characterized by its simplicity and lack of inflection. Nouns in Faiten do not undergo changes to indicate case, gender, or number. Unlike many other languages, where nouns can take on different forms depending on their role in a sentence or their grammatical characteristics, Faiten nouns remain constant. This means that the same noun form is used regardless of whether it is the subject, object, singular, or plural. To indicate the number of the noun, Faiten incorporates the use of quantifier particles to specify the quantity or provide detailed counting of nouns. These particles are essential for indicating the number associated with a particular noun. Instead of relying on inflection or morphological changes within the noun itself, Faiten speakers utilise quantifier particles to convey precise numeric information. | ||