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Proto-Ash-Ish: Difference between revisions
→Syntax
(→Syntax) |
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|phrase={{ash|*ntaw qeka te kaw-er}} | |phrase={{ash|*ntaw qeka te kaw-er}} | ||
|gloss=fire.SUBJ AUX.ACT water.OBJ whirl-PTCP | |gloss=fire.SUBJ AUX.ACT water.OBJ whirl-PTCP | ||
|translation= | |translation=Fire stirs water. | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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|phrase={{ash|*kaw-er qeka te ntaw}} | |phrase={{ash|*kaw-er qeka te ntaw}} | ||
|gloss=whirl-PTCP AUX.ACT water.OBJ fire.SUBJ | |gloss=whirl-PTCP AUX.ACT water.OBJ fire.SUBJ | ||
|translation= | |translation=Fire stirs water. | ||
}} | }} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The auxiliary {{ash|*qate}} was somewhat unusual. It appears to have been reflexive while able to take a benefactor as a direct object | The auxiliary {{ash|*qate}} was somewhat unusual. It appears to have been reflexive while able to take a benefactor as a direct object. Some of its usages might be compared to the verbal "be-" prefix of Germanic languages. Looking at its modern reflexes, it seems to have denoted a lack of volition. | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|*taw-er qate ewe ntaw}} | |phrase={{ash|*taw-er qate ewe ntaw}} | ||
|gloss=stand-PTCP AUX.PASS PROX.OBJ fire.SUBJ | |gloss=stand-PTCP AUX.PASS PROX.OBJ fire.SUBJ | ||
|translation= | |translation=Fire was stood for/by this one. | ||
}} | |||
This corresponds quite straightforwardly to modern Ish, besides a change in meaning, and the fact that a verb prefix is now required as well: | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|attayáti dow}} | |||
|morphemes=/VC-tˢaɰe=aT-ɰe taɰ/ | |||
|gloss=NDIR-appear=NDIR-PROX fire | |||
|translation=I saw the fire. | |||
}} | |||
The order of the referents and the participle were free to move around: | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|*te qate kaw~kaw-er}} | |||
|gloss=water.OBJ AUX.PASS whirl~REDUP-PTCP | |||
|translation=It is being whirled for/by water. | |||
}} | |||
This instead corresponds to modern Ash syntax although this is no longer the common word for water: | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|see ảsgoa}} | |||
|morphemes=/ti hat͡s-kuwa/ | |||
|gloss=water/air INV-LOCV:DYN | |||
|translation=They were moved by water/air. | |||
}} | }} | ||