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Alaia: Difference between revisions
→Morphology
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===Morphology=== | ===Morphology=== | ||
====Inflectional morphology==== | |||
The following tables contain samples of Alaia's inflectional morphology. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+'''Inflection of ''kasa'' 'foot'''' | |+'''Inflection of ''kasa'' 'foot'''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Nominative | !Nominative | ||
|kasa | |kasa | ||
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|kasa'''rt''' | |kasa'''rt''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Genitive | !Genitive | ||
|kasa'''i''' | |kasa'''i''' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Some human nouns have an alternative nominative plural ending '''-l''', meaning 'the distinguished [noun]' e.g. '''rune''' 'man' has both '''runet''' 'men' and '''runel''' 'the distinguished men' for its plural forms.<sup>{Classical Arabic}</sup> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"| | !colspan="2"| | ||
!Masc | !Masc. | ||
!Fem | !Fem. | ||
!Neut | !Neut. | ||
!Masc | !Masc. | ||
!Fem | !Fem. | ||
!Neut | !Neut. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|Non-substantive | !colspan="2"|Non-substantive | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Infinitive | !Infinitive | ||
| | |tresi'''n''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Present | !Present | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Imperfect | !Imperfect | ||
| | |tresi'''k''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Perfect | !Perfect | ||
| | |tresi'''s''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Pluperfect | !Pluperfect | ||
| | |tresi'''rk''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Future | !Future | ||
| | |tresi'''sh''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Future-in-the-past | !Future-in-the-past | ||
| | |tresi'''x''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
The future and future-in-the-past forms have been largely replaced by the present and the imperfect respectively, and so are now largely confined to fossilized expressions (particularly sentential adverbs in the case of the future) and very high registers. | |||
====Derivational morphology==== | |||
The following table contains the most common derivational affixes. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+'''Derivational affixes''' | |||
|- | |||
!To nouns, adjectives | |||
!To verbs | |||
|- | |||
|'''acca'''... - group of [noun]<br> | |||
'''teC'''... - community of [noun]<br> | |||
'''cai'''... - collection of [noun]<br> | |||
'''pu'''... - origin of [noun]<br> | |||
'''ris'''... - place where [noun] is sold<br> | |||
'''ru'''...u - quality of [adj.]<br> | |||
'''jana'''...'''a''' - quality of [adj.]<br> | |||
'''an'''...'''e,u,a''' - agent of [verb]<br> | |||
'''xin'''... - place where [verb]ing occurs<br> | |||
'''leu'''... - very [adj.]; thing beyond [noun]<br> | |||
'''us'''... - full of [noun]<br> | |||
'''ciC'''... - lacking [noun] | |||
|'''a'''...'''in''' - to [noun]<br> | |||
...'''in''' - to [noun]<br> | |||
'''iC'''... - resultative of [verb]<br> | |||
'''me'''... - causative of [verb]<br> | |||
'''jin'''... - to [verb] as a surprise<br> | |||
'''tril'''... - to [verb] with one's eyes; [verb] carefully<br> | |||
'''gui'''... - to [verb] with one's mouth; [verb] by speaking<br> | |||
'''kun'''... - to [verb] with one's forehead; [verb] with purpose, deliberately<br> | |||
'''tei'''... - to [verb] with one's arms; [verb] with effort<br> | |||
'''krar'''... - to [verb] with one's back; [verb] under pressure | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
The notation "C" means that the consonant of the stem that would go in the position is geminated. | |||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||