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Modern Coptic: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "== Introduction == Modern Coptic (natively, '''''ⲙⲧ̀ⲣⲙ̀ⲛ̀ⲕⲏⲙⲉ ⲃⲣ̀ⲣⲉ Metremmenkeeme Verre''''' ''[mətrm̩mn̩ˈkeːmə ˈvr̩rə]'') is a revitalized vernacular version of Coptic, made to be a lingua franca for all varieties. The language is written formally using the Coptic alphabet, however, since modern times a phonetic transliteration into the Latin Alphabet is preferred by the younger generations == Phonology == === Consonants === {|...") |
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* ə normally doesn't bear the stress unless it is the only vowel in a word. | * ə normally doesn't bear the stress unless it is the only vowel in a word. | ||
* Greek borrowings normally bear the stress 2nd to last instead. | * Greek borrowings normally bear the stress 2nd to last instead. | ||
== Morphology == | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
(Modern) Coptic distinguishes between 3 persons, 2 numbers and in the 2nd person and 3rd person singular distinguish masculine and feminine forms | |||
==== Independent Pronouns ==== | |||
They are not used much, but are used for emphasis | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |1st | |||
|anak | |||
|anan | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |2nd | |||
!M | |||
|entak | |||
| rowspan="2" |entooten | |||
|- | |||
!F | |||
|ento | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |3rd | |||
!M | |||
|entof | |||
| rowspan="2" |entaw | |||
|- | |||
!F | |||
|entos | |||
|} | |||
==== Pronoun suffixes ==== | |||
Used on verbs and prepositions to mark the object and auxiliary and main verbs use similar affixes to mark the subject | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |1st | |||
| -i/j* | |||
| -n | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |2nd | |||
!M | |||
| -k | |||
| rowspan="2" | -ten | |||
|- | |||
!F | |||
| -(e) | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |3rd | |||
!M | |||
| -f | |||
| rowspan="2" | -u/w* | |||
|- | |||
!F | |||
| -s | |||
|} | |||
=== Nouns === | |||
Nouns inflect for definiteness (undefinite, definite and indefinite) and sometimes number (singular and plural). | |||
They can also be preceded by possession prefixes, and a couple of them (although nowadays archaic) can take pronominal suffixes to mark possession | |||
Some of them also have a special "construct form", only used when compounding | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
!Undefinite | |||
| colspan="2" | - | |||
|- | |||
!Definite | |||
|p/t(e)-* | |||
|n(e)-* | |||
|- | |||
!Indefinite | |||
|u/w- | |||
|hen- | |||
|} | |||
* p(e)- is used for masculine nouns while t(e)- is used for femenine ones | |||
* An epinthetic e is inserted when before a consonant that isn't h, when prefixed with consonants, h elides | |||
=== Verbs === | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>-i and -u sometimes replace the vowel they suffix on instead of making a diphthong with it | |||