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| |*ŋV 1st p. pron.
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| |*mV 1st person pronoun
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| |*ŋV 1st person pronoun (exclusive?)
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| |*χwV 2nd person pronoun
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| |*nV 2nd person pronoun, thou
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| |*si 2nd person pronoun, thou
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| |*ṭ[u] 2nd person pronoun, thou
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| |*sV 3rd person pronoun
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| |*KVrdV a bird of prey
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| |*CVnCV a biting insect
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| |*nV a deictic element
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| |*nV a demonstrative element
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| |*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) a horned animal
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| |*mVrV a k. of berry
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| |*[č`w]VHḳV a k. of bird
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| |*CVmV a k. of bird
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| |*CVmV a k. of bird
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| |*HalVḳV a k. of bird
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| |*HalVḳV a k. of bird
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| |*kaNV a k. of bird
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| |*kaNV a k. of bird
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| |*ḳUĺV a k. of bird
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| |*ḳUĺV a k. of bird
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| |*kVṗV a k. of bird
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| |*kVṗV a k. of bird
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| |*kwVtV a k. of bird
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| |*kwVtV a k. of bird
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| |*ĺVkĺVkV ? a k. of bird
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| |*sVgV (?) a k. of bird
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| |*SVlwV a k. of bird
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| |*SVlwV a k. of bird
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| |*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV a k. of bird
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| |*k[i̯a]ma 'a k. of aquatic bird' a k. of bird
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| |*KVwrV a k. of bird (gallinacean)
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| |*c`iŋu a k. of bone
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| |*lVnṭV a k. of cereal
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| |*lVnṭV a k. of cereal
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| |*ṭVḳV a k. of duck
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| |*ṭVḳV a k. of duck or hen
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| |*č`VHmV a k. of fish
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| |*kVrV a k. of fish
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| |*kVrV a k. of fish
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| |*kećä 'k. of fish' a k. of fish
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| |*ńowŋa salmon a k. of fish
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| |*mVsV a k. of fruit
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| |*mVsV a k. of fruit
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| |*KVwrV a k. of gallinacean bird
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| |*wVĺV a k. of grass
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| |*wVĺV a k. of grass
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| |*cVmV a k. of grass
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| |*mula a k. of horned animal
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| |*mula a k. of horned animal
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| |*KUmV a k. of insect
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| |*KUmV a k. of insect
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| |*ḳUṭḳV a k. of insect
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| |*ḳUṭḳV a k. of insect
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| |*lVŋV a k. of insect
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| |*mVḳV a k. of insect
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| |*mVḳV a k. of insect
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| |*pUḳV a k. of insect
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| |*pVN(T)V ? a k. of insect
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| |*ṗVnǯV a k. of insect
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| |*či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u) a k. of insect
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| |*m[a]ŋi a k. of insect
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| |*ṗVnǯV a k. of insect, louse
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| |*c`UtV a k. of liquid
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| |*sUŋV a k. of onion
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| |*bVrV a k. of predator
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| |*KVrdV a k. of predator
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| |*[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́ a k. of rodent
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| |*lVmV a k. of sack
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| |*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) a k. of tree
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| |*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) a k. of tree
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| |*kojw[a] a k. of tree
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| |*NEḳrV a k. of tree
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| |*ʔilVmV a k. of tree
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| |*cVHnV ( ~ *c`-) a k. of ungulate
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| |*CVxnV a k. of ungulate
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| |*mVnV a k. of ungulate
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| |*ḳVwKV a k. of vessel
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| |*pVNV a k. of vessel
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| |*sVgV (?) a k. of water bird (gull)
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| |*lVlV a part of leg, foot
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| |*cwVkV ( ~ čw-) a small animal
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| |*mVwć`wV a stinging insect
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| |*pUḳV a stinging insect
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| |*eli all
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| |*kalV ? all, join
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| |*mVwcwV an insect
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| |*čă k𝑎̆𝑘i 'a k. of insect' an insect
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| |*CV(n)CV ? an internal organ
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| |*morV an ungulate
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| |*jVrV angry
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| |*mVńCV animal hair
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| |*mVńcV ( ~ -c`-) animal hair
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| |*gujrV antelope
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| |*gujrV antelope
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| |*gara arm
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| |*küjnV arm
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| |*lVlV arm
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| |*ćVḳV arm, leg
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| |*ḳVwVŋV armpit
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| |*čVbV army, people
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| |*ṗVdwV; cf. also "Alt. "*pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 'light' ashes, burn
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| |*ṗVlV ashes, dirt
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| |*dVgV back
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| *gedV back
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| *gedV back
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| *sVrV back
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| *tVbV back
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| *tVbV back
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| *ʔarV back
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| *ʔarV back
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| *kuNṭV back, rear
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| *ṗVŋV back, side
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| *bVHCV bad
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| *ʔVkV bad
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| *ʔVkV bad
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| *darV bad, dirty
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| *darV bad, dirty
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| *bVHCV bad, evil
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| *sogwV ( ~ š-) bad, harm
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| *ḳerV bark
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| *ḳerV bark
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| *ḲopV bark
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| *ḲopV bark
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| *ḳuLV bark
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| *ḳVrṗV bark
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| *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) bark, cover
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| *ḳuLV bark, peel
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| *ḳVrṗV bark, skin
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| *ḳocV basket
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| *ḳoćV basket
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| *kwVrV (~ gw) be angry
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| *kwVrV (~ gw) be angry
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| *HVŕV be destroyed, fall apart
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| *ḳOṗV be full
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| *ḳOṗV be full, complete
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| *lVχV be ill
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| *lVχV be ill
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| *HVwV be satiated (?)
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| *gVlV be smooth
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| *nVkV be visible, see
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| *biχV beat
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| *biχV beat
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| *ṭoḳV beat
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| *ṭoḳV beat
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| *buṭV beat, break
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| *SUTV (?) beat, hit
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| *SUTV (?) beat, hit
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| *ṭapħa beat, hit
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| *ṭapħa beat, hit
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| *ṗVrV bee
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| *ṗVrV bee, insect
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| *[šw]VtV behind, buttock
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| *SVtV behind, buttock
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| *wa[n]čV belly
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| *wa[n]ʒ́wV belly
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| *gwVlV belly, entrails
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| *kuŋV belly, heart
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| *kuŋV belly, heart
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| *gUtV / *kUtV belly, intestines
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| *gUtV / *kUtV belly, intestines
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| *gwVlV belly, liver
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| *Ḳarbi belly, stomach
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| *Ḳarbi belly, stomach
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| *HalV below
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| *HalV below
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| *ḳVlV ? bend
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| *ḳVŋV bend
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| *ṭoŋV bend
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| *mVrV berry
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| *mVkV big
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| *t`VwjV ? big
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| *wol[a] big
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| *wol[a] big
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| *ḳUlV big fish
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| *ḳUlV big fish
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| *dVnwV big tree
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| *dVnwV big tree
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| *tVdV big, full
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| *pVKV big, heavy
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| *mVkV big, large
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| *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) big, thick
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| *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) big, thick
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| *tVdV big, thick
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| *ʔVnV big, very
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| *ʔVnV big, very
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| *bišV ( ~ -č`-) bile
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| *KuTV bind
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| *KVrV bind
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| *kojw[a] birch
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| *[č`w]VHḳV bird
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| *HVwjV bird
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| *HVwjV bird
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| *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) bird's tail
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| *käjwV (?-b-) bite, chew ?
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| *ḳVCV bite, tear
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| *CVnCV biting insect
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| *gVcwV(~-čw- ) bitter
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| *sVbV bitter
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| *bišV ( ~ -č`-) bitter, gall ?
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| *gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) bitter, sour
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| *ḳarV black
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| *ḳarV black
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| *ʔVbV ? black
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| *ʔVbV ? black
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| *ḳUmV black, dark
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| *ḳUmV black, dark
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| *mVCHV black, dark
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| Drav. *nal- 'black' black, dark
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| *sVrV black, night
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| *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV black-cock
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| *ʔVlV blade, awl
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| *ʔVlV blade, whetstone
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| *HVlVḳV blister, abscess
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| *HVlVḳV blister, wound
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| *bUjlV ? blood
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| *bUjlV blood? blood
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| *ḳVnV blood blood
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| *wirV blood
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| *ʔVsxV blood
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| *ḳVnV blood, blood vessel
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| *HwinV blood, breath
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| *ʔVsxV blood, breath
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| *ḳurV blood, red
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| *ḳurV blood, red blood, red
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| *cwVnV spirit; blood blood, spirit
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| *mVLV blood; marrow
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| *wirV blood; red
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| *swVNV blue
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| *swVNV blue
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| *ṭVlV board, stick
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| *bVdV body
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| *bVdV body, belly
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| *borV, *buŕa boil
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| *borV, *buŕa boil
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| *ḳVju boil, burn
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| *girV bone
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| *girV bone
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| *HV(w)[č`]V bone
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| *HV(w)čV bone
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| *ḳač`V bone
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| *ḳaCV bone
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| *ʒ́VmV ? (cf. also *c`iŋu) bone
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| *ṗVjNV bone, tooth
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| *ṗVjNV bone, tooth
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| *ʔVṗV bosom
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| *ʔVṗV bosom
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| ? FU *luwV (*luɣV) 'horse' bovine ?
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| *büḲa bow
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| *ṭoŋV bow, arc
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| *tajV bow, lean
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| *mVŋV brain
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| *mVŋV brain
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| *wVṭV(mV) brain, head
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| *wVṭV(mV) brain, marrow; head
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| *rVṭV branch
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| *rVṭV branch, rod
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| *HelV branch, stick
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| *šVṭV ? branch, twig, rod
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| *cVṗV break, chop
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| *buṭV break, split
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| *[c]V(n)ʒwV breast
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| *ḳerdV breast
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| *ṗome breast
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| *ʔudV breast, belly
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| *mälgi breast, udder
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| *mälgi breast, udder
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| *sVwHV breath, smell
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| *bVrḳV bright
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| *ʔVǯV bright
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| *ʔVǯV bright
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| *boŕa brown
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| *boŕa brown
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| *KVŋV brown, dark
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| *KVŋV ? brown, yellow
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| *ŋalmV bug, flea
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| *dwVmV build, house
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| "Alt. "*mūga 'bonfire' burn
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| *ṗaĺV burn
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| *ṗaĺV burn
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| *ṗVrV burn
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| *wVrV burn
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| *wVrV burn
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| *buKV burn, bake
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| Alt. *t`èmo ( ~ t-) burn, kindle burn, boil
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| *qoṭi burn, fire
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| *qoṭi burn, fire
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| *t`ülV burn, fire
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| *gUrV burn, hot coals
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| *gUrV burn, hot coals
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| *buKV burn, roast
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| *ḳVńV burn, roast, dry
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| *Cajŋa ? burn, shine
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| *ʒajŋa ? burn, shine
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| *paḳV burst
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| *ṗVrṗVlV butterfly
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| *ṗVrṗVlV butterfly
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| *ṗVrV buy, sell
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| *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) calf
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| *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) calf, bull
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| *morV cattle; horse
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| *ḳVjwV cave, hole
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| *ḳVjwV cave, hole
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| *ṗVlV cheek ?
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| *bUrV chest, belly
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| *bUrV chest, belly
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| *mVḳV child
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| *berV child, to bear
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| *berV child, to bear
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| *kenV chin
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| *kenV (cf. also *kVngV) chin
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| Alt. *čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) 'cheek bone' chin, beard
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| *kVṗV chin, jaw
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| *cVṗV chop
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| *ḳUṭV (cf. also *ḳVtV) chopped piece, to cut
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| *ʔarV clan member
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| *pVnV clay, mud
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| *pVnV clay, mud
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| *ḳa(j)dV clothing
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| *bVl(w)V cloud
| |
| *bVl(w)V cloud
| |
| *CuxLV coals, burn
| |
| *CuxLV coals, soot, burn
| |
| *[z]VrV cold
| |
| *KurV cold
| |
| *KurV cold
| |
| *SVŋV cold
| |
| *ʒ́VrV cold
| |
| *SVŋV cold, frost
| |
| *Horä come, go; rise
| |
| *pVnč`wV (?) coniferous tree
| |
| *pVnč`wV (?) coniferous tree, resin
| |
| *ḳVnVṭV corner, enclosure ?
| |
| *ḳVnVṭV corner, wall
| |
| *dwVrV court, enclosure
| |
| *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) cover
| |
| *ḳaṗV cover, close
| |
| *ḳaṗV cover, close
| |
| *kar-/*ker- crane
| |
| *kar-/*ker- crane
| |
| *c`VrV crust
| |
| *ḳUrV curved, bent
| |
| *čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) cut
| |
| *ḳUṭV cut
| |
| *ḳVc`V cut
| |
| *kVlV ? cut
| |
| *CarV cut, sharp
| |
| *HamV dark
| |
| *rVmV dark
| |
| *rVmV dark
| |
| *sVmV dark
| |
| *ṭVmV dark
| |
| *ṭVmV dark
| |
| *muṭV dark dark, black
| |
| *mVCHV dark, black
| |
| *sVmV dark dark, black
| |
| *muṭV dark, cloudy
| |
| *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) darkness, night
| |
| *gojńV dawn
| |
| *gojńV dawn, light
| |
| *lVwŋV dawn, light
| |
| *lVwŋV dawn, noon
| |
| *dʷVjɣV day, shine
| |
| *dʷVjɣV day, shine
| |
| *ŋera day, sun, light
| |
| *ŋVwV decease
| |
| *mVnV deer
| |
| *ʔelV deer
| |
| *ʔelV deer
| |
| *ʔoru deer, antilope
| |
| *pOgV deer, he-goat
| |
| *mV demonstr. pronoun
| |
| *mV demonstr. pronoun
| |
| *ṭV demonstr. pronoun
| |
| *ṭV demonstr. pronoun
| |
| *ḳV demonstrative pronoun
| |
| *sV demonstrative pronoun
| |
| *rVCV dew, liquid
| |
| *muṭV die, finish
| |
| *HwelV die, starve
| |
| PIE *nek'- die; kill
| |
| *ḳVṗV dig, hack
| |
| *gwVCV direction, road
| |
| *gwVCV direction, road, pass
| |
| *böḳa dirt
| |
| *c`VrV dirt
| |
| *c`VrV dirt
| |
| *kodV dirt
| |
| *kodV ? dirt
| |
| *lVḳwV dirt
| |
| *magV dirt, earth ?
| |
| *[ʒ]VḳV dirt, faeces
| |
| *SVḳV dirt, faeces
| |
| *KUCV ? dog
| |
| *ḳVpV ? dog
| |
| *ḳVpV ? dog
| |
| *ŋindV dog
| |
| *ŋindV dog
| |
| *ŋVḳV dog
| |
| *bVrV dog, wolf
| |
| *KUCV [?] dog, wolf
| |
| *ŋVḳV dog, wolf
| |
| *CVm(ŋ)V dream
| |
| *jVgU drink
| |
| *CUtV drink, liquid
| |
| *ʔEmV drink, swallow
| |
| *HVṗV drink, water
| |
| *gwVlV dry
| |
| *ḳVjwV(rV) dry
| |
| *ḳVjwV(rV) dry
| |
| *kVkV dry
| |
| *kVk𝑉𝑘V dry
| |
| *KVmV dry
| |
| *ḳVs(w)V dry
| |
| *sušV dry
| |
| *śušV dry dry
| |
| *gwVlV (cf. also */ḳ/alV) dry, burn
| |
| *ḳorV dung, mud
| |
| *bur(H)V dust
| |
| *bur(H)V dust
| |
| *ṭVṭV dust, ashes
| |
| *ṭVṭV dust, ashes, smoke
| |
| *böḳa dust, dirt
| |
| *gülV dwelling
| |
| *gülV dwelling
| |
| *KVrWV ear
| |
| *KVrWV ear
| |
| *ʔVCV early
| |
| *ʔVrV early
| |
| *ʔVrV early
| |
| *ʔVcwV early, dawn
| |
| *DVG- earth
| |
| *DVG- earth
| |
| *magV earth
| |
| *ṭVŕV earth, dust
| |
| *ṭVŕV earth, dust
| |
| *UNV eat
| |
| Drav. tin- 'eat' eat
| |
| *UNV eat, drink
| |
| *cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) top, summit edge
| |
| *Hońća edge
| |
| *HońcV edge
| |
| *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) edge
| |
| *ṗerV edge
| |
| *PVlV edge
| |
| *PVlV (but cf. also *ṗVlV) edge
| |
| *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) edge, side
| |
| *ṗerV edge, side
| |
| *ṭUĺV egg
| |
| *ṭUĺV egg
| |
| *c`VjḳV elbow, forearm
| |
| *küjnV elbow, knee
| |
| *ʔaḳV elder brother or sister
| |
| *eńV elder brother/sister
| |
| *ʔVṭV (cf. also *tajV) elder male relative, father
| |
| *ʔaḳV elder relative
| |
| *ʔVṭV elder relative
| |
| *ʔilVmV elm
| |
| *gErV enclosure
| |
| *gVrdV enclosure
| |
| *gVrdV enclosure
| |
| *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) enclosure
| |
| *dwVrV enclosure, yard
| |
| *gErV enclosure, yard
| |
| *[s]UwV end; mouth
| |
| *ḳarV enemy
| |
| *ḳarV enemy
| |
| *SVKV evening
| |
| *sVrV evening
| |
| *ʒwVṗV evening
| |
| *ʒwVṗV evening, sleep
| |
| *sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) extinguish extinguish
| |
| *HuḲa eye, see
| |
| *HuḲa eye, see
| |
| *HwVlV eye, see
| |
| *SVmrV eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head
| |
| *mVŋV face
| |
| *kVṗV face, chin
| |
| *pVNV face, forehead
| |
| *mVĺV face, head
| |
| *mVṭV face, head
| |
| *pVNV ? face, head
| |
| *mVŋV face, nose, mouth
| |
| *mVṭV face, skin on head
| |
| *ḳVtV fall
| |
| *HewV fall, descend
| |
| *HewV(jV) fall, descend, disappear
| |
| *ḳUlV far; next
| |
| *PV[s]V fart
| |
| *PVSV fart
| |
| *gwVjV fat
| |
| *gwVjV fat
| |
| *sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) fat, intestines
| |
| *aṗV father
| |
| *aṗV father
| |
| *ṗVĺV feather
| |
| *ṗVĺV feather, tail
| |
| *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) female
| |
| *ṗenV female
| |
| *mVṭV female genitalia
| |
| *mVṭV female genitalia
| |
| *kälU female in-law
| |
| *kälU female in-law
| |
| *eńV female relative
| |
| *mVjNV female relative
| |
| *mVjNV female relative
| |
| *natV female relative
| |
| *natV female relative
| |
| *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) fence, enclosure
| |
| *HwelV fight, kill
| |
| *pVrV finger
| |
| *č`wVṗV finger, claw
| |
| *č`wVṗV finger, claw
| |
| *pVrV finger, fingernail
| |
| *ḳVrV finger, toe
| |
| *CVCxV fire
| |
| *dʷVɣV fire
| |
| *dʷVɣV fire
| |
| *ṗVxwV fire
| |
| *ṗVxwV fire
| |
| *zVcwxV fire
| |
| *HenkV fire, burn
| |
| *HenkV fire, burn
| |
| *nVjV fire, burn
| |
| *ŋera fire, burn
| |
| *ṗVrV fire, burn
| |
| *ʔumV ? fire, burn
| |
| *ʔumV ? fire, burn
| |
| *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) fire, to strike fire
| |
| *lVmV fire, warmth
| |
| *č`VHmV fish
| |
| *dVgV fish
| |
| *dVgV fish
| |
| *mVǯHV fist
| |
| *ṗVnḳV fist, handle
| |
| *kompV fist, wrist
| |
| *mVǯHV fist; ? squeeze with a fist, crumple
| |
| *lVṗV flat
| |
| *lVṗV flat
| |
| *ṭaPV flat
| |
| *ṭaPV flat
| |
| *ṗVlHV flat, level
| |
| *ṗVlHV flat, level
| |
| *ṭalV flat, plain
| |
| *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) flea
| |
| *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) flea
| |
| *SVĺV flesh, fat flesh, blood
| |
| *c`ebV flesh, fat
| |
| *swVĺV flesh, fat
| |
| *ńVjrV flow
| |
| *ńVjrV flow
| |
| *bVlV flow, gush
| |
| *bVlV flow, gush
| |
| *ṗarV fly
| |
| *ṗarV fly
| |
| *ṗVlV fly, flea
| |
| *ṗVlV fly, midge
| |
| *musV fog
| |
| *HVlV food
| |
| *HVlV food, eat
| |
| *tVlV foolish, deceive
| |
| *bVl(m)V foot, knee
| |
| *ṗVHdV foot, sole
| |
| *ḳVrV foot, toe
| |
| *ni̯VnV forest, wilderness
| |
| *NVlV four
| |
| *[čw]VlɣV fox
| |
| *[čw]VlɣV fox, weasel
| |
| *lVmV fragile
| |
| *sVŋV fringe, thread
| |
| *śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) fringe, thread
| |
| *gwVrV frog
| |
| *gwVrV frog
| |
| *HalV front
| |
| *HanṭV front
| |
| *HanṭV front
| |
| *ʔedV front, breast front
| |
| *mVńV front, breast
| |
| *mVńV front, breast
| |
| *ʔedV front, breast
| |
| *newRV front, nose
| |
| *HalV front, outside
| |
| *pič`V frost, cold
| |
| *čVgV frozen snow
| |
| *čVgV frozen snow
| |
| *bVrq̇wV fruit
| |
| *bVrq̇wV fruit
| |
| *HVp`V ? full
| |
| *HVPVTV full
| |
| *malV full
| |
| *ṭVngV full
| |
| *ṭVngV full
| |
| *tVrV full
| |
| *wV(n)CV full, all
| |
| *wV(n)CV full, all
| |
| *ṭVmV full, fill
| |
| *HarV furrow
| |
| *HarV furrow, hoe
| |
| *ṗVrV buy, assemble gather, assemble
| |
| *ḳUṭV genitalia
| |
| *ḳUṭV genitalia
| |
| *malV get in pairs, pair > two
| |
| *ga get, obtain
| |
| *ajṭV ~ *amṭV? gift, allotment
| |
| *ajṭV ~ *amṭV? gift, allotment
| |
| *ćwVHV give
| |
| *gi[ɫ]ħu glittering
| |
| *gi[ɫ]ħu glittering
| |
| *[c]VbV glue
| |
| *ćabV glue, join
| |
| *HVŕV go astray, fall apart
| |
| *HVjV go, come
| |
| *HVjV go, follow
| |
| *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) goat
| |
| *ʔoru goat, deer
| |
| *pOgV goat, ram, deer
| |
| *mVlV good
| |
| *näḳi good
| |
| *näḳi good (of soul)
| |
| *bVtV ? good, big
| |
| *dUgV good, fit
| |
| *wVlV good, new
| |
| *ʔVjV good, proper
| |
| *ʔVjsV good, take care ?
| |
| *ĺVkĺVkV goose
| |
| *SVrV grain
| |
| *SVrV grain
| |
| *kamV grasp
| |
| *kamV grasp
| |
| *HamV grasp, seize, press
| |
| *kuCu grass
| |
| *ćVmV grass, reed
| |
| *c`UlV grass, twigs
| |
| *kuč`u grass, vegetables
| |
| *c'VjrV grey
| |
| *c'VjrV grey
| |
| *ṗoŋV gum, resin, mud
| |
| *ńVjlV part of face, gums gums
| |
| *oŕV guts, inside
| |
| *ṭanV hack
| |
| *cVḳV hair
| |
| *k`VSV hair
| |
| *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [cf. *ŋVjV] hair
| |
| *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [cf. *ŋVjV] hair
| |
| *nVwrV hair
| |
| *nVwrV hair
| |
| *ŋVjV hair
| |
| *p`un(́)V hair
| |
| *p`un(́)V hair
| |
| *pUdV hair
| |
| *sVHrV hair
| |
| *sVHrV hair
| |
| *ṭVrV hair
| |
| *ṭVrV hair
| |
| *k`VSV hair ?
| |
| *Ḳila hair, beard
| |
| *burV hair, eyebrow
| |
| *pUdV (? *HapUdV) hair, feather
| |
| *burV hair, hair of head
| |
| *q̇irV hair, head
| |
| *ŋVjV hair, rope
| |
| *Ḳila hair, stalk
| |
| *sVPV hair, tail
| |
| *palV half, part
| |
| *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) hand
| |
| *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) hand
| |
| *kompV hand(ful)
| |
| *bVgu hand, arm
| |
| *udV hand, arm
| |
| *ŋVlV ? hand, bone
| |
| *ŋVlV ? hand, elbow
| |
| *ṗVnḳV hand, fist
| |
| *udV hand, limb
| |
| *ḳVmV ? hard
| |
| *ḳVmV ? hard, bone
| |
| *pVKV hard, firm
| |
| *sogwV ( ~ š-) harm, deceive
| |
| *c`VrV harsh, ragged
| |
| *q̇irV head
| |
| *ḳapV head, back of head
| |
| *sVmV hear
| |
| *SVmV hear
| |
| *ḳiwlV hear, ear
| |
| NY *me- 'hear; ear' hear, ear
| |
| *sVʎV(mV) heart
| |
| *śVʎV(mV) heart
| |
| *ḳerdV heart, breast
| |
| *[H]indV heat
| |
| *mVnḳV heavy, labour
| |
| *cVčV herd
| |
| *berg[i] high
| |
| *berg[i] high
| |
| *TVGV high
| |
| *tujpV hill
| |
| *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) hill, rock
| |
| *tujpV hill, top
| |
| *wVdV hit
| |
| *wVdV hit
| |
| *HangV (cf. also *wonkV) hole
| |
| *k`VCV hole
| |
| *ḳUrV hole
| |
| *wonkV hole
| |
| *ḳVwVŋV hole, cavity
| |
| *gop`a hole, empty
| |
| *gop`a hole, empty
| |
| *k`VCV hole, mouth
| |
| *p`u[ṭ]V hole, vulva
| |
| *HVlwV hollow
| |
| *HVlwV hollow, cavity
| |
| *ḳäṗV hoof
| |
| *ḳäṗV hoof
| |
| *sUdV hoof
| |
| *ṭUṗV hoof
| |
| *ṭUṗV hoof hoof, finger(nail)
| |
| *c`UdV hoof, hoof deformation
| |
| *ḳirV horn
| |
| *mVrgV horn
| |
| *mVrgV horn; root
| |
| *bVrV horned animal
| |
| *bVrV horned animal
| |
| *ṗäḳV hot, warm
| |
| *pVrV house
| |
| *ʔU[ṭ]V house
| |
| *ḳojmV village, hut house, village
| |
| *mVk`V humid, wet
| |
| *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) I, myself
| |
| *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) I, myself; we [1st p. pronoun]
| |
| *mV I, we [1st p. pronoun]
| |
| *jVkV ice, cold
| |
| *jVkV ice, cold
| |
| *m[ä]rV ill, die
| |
| *m[ä]rV ill, die
| |
| *tVkV insect, vermine
| |
| *tVkV insect, vermine
| |
| *ḳwVŋV insect, worm
| |
| *lVŋV insect, worm
| |
| *ʔudV inside, stomach
| |
| *ŋiV interrog. or relat. pronoun
| |
| *ŋiV interrog. or relative pronoun
| |
| *ḳV interrogative pronoun
| |
| *mV interrogative pronoun
| |
| *[c']VlV intestine
| |
| *ć'VlV intestine
| |
| *ḳUʒwV intestine
| |
| *ḳUʒ́wV intestines
| |
| *ḳVmV stomach, intestines ? intestines
| |
| *lVŋ(d)V intestines
| |
| *oŕV intestines
| |
| *ʔVŋV jaw, palate
| |
| *ʔVŋV jaw, palate
| |
| *bVgu joint, limb
| |
| *bVjV joy
| |
| *bVjV joy, desire
| |
| *sVḳV ( ~ š-) juice, ferment
| |
| *lVKV jump, run
| |
| *lVŋ(d)V kidney, heart
| |
| *KolV kill
| |
| *ḳVwχV kill
| |
| *bVl(m)V knee
| |
| *sVnV knee, ankle
| |
| *kUŋ[d]V knife, cut, break
| |
| *ṭanV know
| |
| *ṭanV (?*-ŋ-) know know, hear
| |
| *nerV know, name
| |
| *lVmbV large fish
| |
| *zīwe(ŋkV) large predator
| |
| *zīwe(ŋkV) large predator
| |
| *sUrV large, heavy
| |
| *sUrV large, heavy
| |
| *gUlV laugh
| |
| *gUlV laugh, merry
| |
| *bolV leaf
| |
| *bolV leaf
| |
| *lVṗV leaf
| |
| *ṗVlV leaf tree
| |
| *ṗVlV leaf tree
| |
| *lVṗV leaf, bark
| |
| *HelV leaf, branch
| |
| Alt. *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) 'bud' leaf, flower
| |
| *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) leaf; reed?
| |
| *ɫaḳV leg
| |
| *ɫaḳV leg
| |
| *ḳVwlV leg, arm
| |
| *ḳVwlV leg, limb
| |
| *ṭalV level ground
| |
| *laḳV lick
| |
| *laḳV lick
| |
| *lašV ? lick
| |
| *lašV ? lick
| |
| *talV lick, drink
| |
| *ḳVwjV lie
| |
| *Howri light, burn
| |
| *Howri light, burn
| |
| *SulV light, loose
| |
| *HVlV light, shine
| |
| *HVlV light, shine
| |
| *jVḳV light, shine
| |
| *jVḳV light, shine
| |
| *mVlV light, shine
| |
| *ṗVHdV limb
| |
| *kanpV lip, soft excrescence
| |
| *kanpV lip, soft excrescence
| |
| *GurV liquid
| |
| *GurV liquid
| |
| *lVṭV liquid
| |
| *lVṭV liquid
| |
| *sVwV liquid
| |
| *śVwV liquid
| |
| *lVḳwV liquid, dirt
| |
| *L[ä]jV liquid, flow
| |
| Alt. *pi̯ā̀ki liver liver
| |
| CK *ponta " liver
| |
| *tVrV(ŋV) liver, belly
| |
| *mVLV blood, marrow? liver, intestines
| |
| *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) lizard, slug
| |
| *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) lizard, worm
| |
| *zVmV loins, groin
| |
| *tel(ḥ)V long
| |
| *tel(ḥ)V long
| |
| *śVnV long bone
| |
| *[s]VPV long hair, tail
| |
| *ḳUlV long, far
| |
| *HVgU long, high
| |
| *wVŕV long, wide
| |
| *wVŕV long, wide
| |
| *SulV loose
| |
| *lVCV loose(n)
| |
| *pVN(T)V ? louse
| |
| *ṭäjV louse
| |
| *ṭäjV louse
| |
| *ñejV louse, nit
| |
| *ʔVjV love, good
| |
| *mVnzV luminary
| |
| *mVnʒ́V luminary
| |
| *pVjLV lung, liver
| |
| *pVjLV lung, spleen
| |
| *gVntV male
| |
| *gVntV male
| |
| *mVḳV male, male child
| |
| *ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) man
| |
| *mänV man
| |
| *mänV man
| |
| *m[o]nV many
| |
| *m[o]nV many
| |
| *ṗalV many
| |
| *ṗV(H)- ? many
| |
| *bVtV ? many, big
| |
| *ṗalV many, full
| |
| *[sw]VjmV marsh
| |
| *[sw]VjmV marsh, uncultivated land
| |
| *ḳ[u]nV marten
| |
| *ḳ[u]nV marten
| |
| *ńVḳV(rV) meat
| |
| *sUḳV meat
| |
| *ʔomsV meat
| |
| *ʔomśV meat
| |
| *cVč𝑉čV meat, animal
| |
| *sUḳV meat, deer
| |
| *mVḳV meat, liver
| |
| *mVḳV meat, liver
| |
| *ńVḳV(rV) meat, roe, intestines
| |
| *ʔarV member of the clan
| |
| *mVtV moisture
| |
| *mVtV moisture
| |
| *ṭVlgV(nV) moon, heavenly body
| |
| *ṭVlgV(nV) moon, luminary
| |
| *ṗuKdV (?) morning
| |
| *HamV morning / evening
| |
| *SVKV morning ~ evening
| |
| *ŋańV morning, clear sky
| |
| *kuńV ? moth
| |
| *ʔVjV ? mother
| |
| *ʔVjV ? mother
| |
| *ʔVmV mother
| |
| *ʔVmV mother, woman
| |
| *balV mountain
| |
| *malV mountain
| |
| *malV mountain
| |
| *wVrV mountain
| |
| *wVrV mountain
| |
| *TVGV mountain, high
| |
| *balV mountain, hill
| |
| *gʷVrV mountain, hill
| |
| *gʷVrV mountain, hill
| |
| *ṗVrV mountain, top
| |
| *ṗVrV mountain, top
| |
| *cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) mouse
| |
| *CVḳV (cf. also *cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) mouse, squirrel
| |
| *gʷVĺV mouse, squirrel
| |
| *[s]UwV mouth
| |
| *HVwV mouth, hole
| |
| *HVwV mouth, hole
| |
| *č`VmV ? mouth; eat
| |
| *ʔVpV mouth; speak
| |
| *ʔVpV mouth; to speak
| |
| *ḳorV mud, dung
| |
| *ṗoŋV mud; gum, resin
| |
| *HVwV multitude; be satiated
| |
| *pUtV mushroom, fungus
| |
| *pUtV mushroom, sponge
| |
| *luku naked, take off clothes
| |
| *ĺVm(ŋ)V name
| |
| *ĺVm(ŋ)V name
| |
| *ṗVtV name
| |
| *ṗVtV name, call
| |
| *šamV name, shape
| |
| *[s]VKV nape, back
| |
| *śVKV nape, back
| |
| *dVgV nape; back
| |
| *č`VnV narrow
| |
| *ṭijV narrow
| |
| *č`VnV narrow, thin
| |
| *ʔVbV near
| |
| *ḳVlV neck
| |
| *kVŋkV neck, collar
| |
| *HVŋV neck, throat
| |
| *ḳVlV neck, throat
| |
| *nVKV neck, vertebra
| |
| *ʔVlV negative particle
| |
| *ʔVlV negative particle
| |
| *ʔe negative verb
| |
| *žVjŋV new
| |
| *CVrV new, fresh
| |
| *žVjŋV new, good
| |
| *CVrV new, young
| |
| *wVlV new, young
| |
| *HUdV night
| |
| *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) night
| |
| *lVlV night
| |
| *lVlV night
| |
| ? *ŋańV 'morning, clear sky' night, dawn
| |
| *HUdV night, sleep
| |
| *zVNV night, sleep
| |
| *ʒ́iNV night, sleep
| |
| *ʔamV night, sleep
| |
| *ñejV nit
| |
| *sajrV nit, louse
| |
| *sajrV ( ~ *ś-) nit, louse
| |
| *ḳVŋV nose
| |
| *ḳVŋV nose
| |
| *ne(H)wRV nose
| |
| *ŋVkCV nose
| |
| *wiKV (?*ujKV) nose
| |
| *wiKV (?*ujKV) nose
| |
| *CVxrV nose, nostril
| |
| *cwVxrV nose, nostril
| |
| *ʔVnV not
| |
| *ʔVnV not, negative particle
| |
| *ʔe not, negative verb
| |
| *gVrVbV notch, sign
| |
| *nVwV now; new
| |
| *nVwV now; new
| |
| *tVrV numerous, full
| |
| (cf. PIE *ar- 'nut') nut, fruit
| |
| *gwVrV old
| |
| *gwVrV old
| |
| *zVr(d)V old
| |
| *ʔUdV one
| |
| *ʔUdV one
| |
| *ʔVrV one
| |
| *ʔVrV one
| |
| PIE *sem- one
| |
| *dwV(j)ḳV one, finger
| |
| *dwV(j)ḳV one, finger (?)
| |
| *ʔo(ŋ)nV one, self
| |
| *sUŋV onion, odorous grass
| |
| *ṗan[c]V open
| |
| *ʔVrHV open space
| |
| *ʔVrHV open space
| |
| *HangV open, hole
| |
| *ʔaḳa open; hole
| |
| *nerV order, custom
| |
| *ni̯VnV original place
| |
| *aĺV other side other
| |
| *gUjV other
| |
| *gwVjV other
| |
| *mVnḳV pain, wound
| |
| *gilV painful state, grief
| |
| *gilV painful state, grief
| |
| *gagtV pair, one of a pair
| |
| *ŋVnV palate, tongue
| |
| *ŋVnV palate, tongue
| |
| Yuk. *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, Nivgh. *cälmǝ palm palm
| |
| *ṗVlŋV palm (of hand)
| |
| *ṗVlŋV palm of hand, handful
| |
| *ńVjlV part of face
| |
| *ŋVk[čw]V part of nose
| |
| Alt. *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) (?) part of nose part of nose
| |
| *čVKV part of shoulder
| |
| *čVKV part of shoulder, joint
| |
| *gEpSV paw, grasp
| |
| *gEpčwV paw, hand
| |
| *ɣoŋɣV peg, nail
| |
| *ḳUjḳV peg, nail (cf. also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') peg, nail
| |
| *ḳUjḳV peg, root
| |
| *bVĺV penis
| |
| *bVĺV penis
| |
| *ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) penis
| |
| *ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (cf. also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) penis
| |
| *čVbV people, army
| |
| *baja place
| |
| *baja place
| |
| *ṭVrṗV pleasure, satisfaction
| |
| *malV plenty, abundant
| |
| *küɫä pond
| |
| *küɫä pond
| |
| *laḳwV pool, low ground
| |
| *laḳwV pool, low ground
| |
| *ṗVdV pot
| |
| *ṗVdV pot
| |
| *pVNV pot
| |
| *mVlV pray
| |
| *ma prohibitive / negative particle
| |
| *ma prohibitive particle, not
| |
| *[č]iru pus, rot
| |
| *Ciru pus, rot
| |
| *ńukV push, move
| |
| *ṭurV quick
| |
| *ṭurV quick
| |
| *pV[ṭ]V quick, swift
| |
| *musV ? rain, fog, steam
| |
| *HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (cf. also *rVCV) rain, pour
| |
| *HVrV rare
| |
| *HVrV rare rare, new
| |
| *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) reed
| |
| *tajV relative-in-law
| |
| *ḳVCV (also *kVCV) ring, hook
| |
| *ḳVč`V ring, spool
| |
| *ŋwVkV rise
| |
| *HVgU rise, stand up
| |
| *ʔVpV rise, up
| |
| *ʔVpV rise, up
| |
| *ʔur(H)V road
| |
| *ʔur(H)V road
| |
| *mVrV road, walk
| |
| *lVgV ? rod, strap
| |
| *lVgV ? rod, strap
| |
| *t`VrV(ŋV) roe; inside
| |
| *tV(H)mV root, bone (?)
| |
| *tV(H)mV root, bone (?) root, bone (??)
| |
| *wVr[t]V root, herb
| |
| *wVr[t]V root, herb
| |
| *ḲurV root, sprout
| |
| *ḲurV root, stalk
| |
| *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) rope, thread
| |
| *ḳoĺV round
| |
| *ḳoĺV round
| |
| *ṭompV round
| |
| *ṭompV ? round, convex
| |
| *kuNṭV rump, buttocks
| |
| *nVKV rump, neck
| |
| *bok[a] run
| |
| *bok[a] run
| |
| *ʔurKV run, drive
| |
| *lVmV sack, bag
| |
| *CalV salt
| |
| *sVbV salt, bitter
| |
| *čwalV salt, sea
| |
| *č`VmV salty, sour
| |
| *cwVwVrV salty, sour
| |
| *ki[ǯ]V sand
| |
| *kiCV sand
| |
| *ṭVrṗV satisfaction
| |
| *tVHV say
| |
| *wVḳV say, call
| |
| *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) say, sound
| |
| *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) say, sound
| |
| *pVkV scab
| |
| *ś(w)VcwV scatter, sift
| |
| *ḳwVnCV scrape, scraper
| |
| *ḳwVncwV scrape, scraper
| |
| *wVrcwV scratch
| |
| *ḳVSV scratch, scrape
| |
| *wVrcwV scratch, scrape
| |
| *jamV sea
| |
| *sVjɣwV sea, shallow
| |
| *jamV sea, water
| |
| *sVjɣwV sea, water
| |
| *ʔVnjV see, eye
| |
| *ṗVrV seed, kin
| |
| *ṗVrV seed, kin
| |
| *sVjHV seed; to sift
| |
| *HamV seize
| |
| *ʔo(ŋ)nV self
| |
| *bedV separate, split
| |
| *aHulV settlement
| |
| *palVHV settlement
| |
| *palVHV settlement
| |
| *aHulV settlement ( < *root, seed?)
| |
| *šamV shape
| |
| *Hoḳi sharp
| |
| *CVNV sharp object
| |
| *Hoḳi sharp point, tooth
| |
| *c`iĺV sharp stick
| |
| *c`iĺV sharp stick
| |
| *pVxwV sharp, to whet
| |
| *pVxwV sharp, to whet
| |
| *kV(n)ḳV shell
| |
| *kV(n)ḳV shell, bark
| |
| *ḳVnčV shin, shank
| |
| *ḳVnčV shin, thigh
| |
| *bVrḳV shine, bright
| |
| *mVlV shine, burn
| |
| *belV shine, burn (several roots?)
| |
| *belV shine, glitter
| |
| *laṗV shine, glitter
| |
| *bVɣV shine, light
| |
| *bVɣV shine, light
| |
| IE *leuk- ? shine; burn
| |
| *tVlV shoulder
| |
| *tVlV shoulder, arm
| |
| *ṗVŋV shoulder, shoulder-blade
| |
| IE *rewǝ- shout, roar shout
| |
| *tVjḳV show, point at
| |
| *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) sick, ill
| |
| *bVḳV side
| |
| *bVḳV side (of body)
| |
| *SirV sinew; root
| |
| *SirV sinew; root
| |
| *sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) single, first
| |
| *sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) single; apart, asunder
| |
| *SäwCV sister, woman?
| |
| *SäwCV sister, woman?
| |
| *ḲaĺV skin
| |
| *ḲaĺV skin
| |
| *perV skin
| |
| *perV skin
| |
| *ṗVtV skin
| |
| *ṗVtV skin
| |
| *ṭVlV skin
| |
| *ṭVlV skin
| |
| *pVkV skin, bark
| |
| *kamV skin, crust, peel
| |
| *ṭVwq̇V skin, hair
| |
| *ṭVwq̇V skin, hair on body
| |
| *kamV skin, husk
| |
| *ḳapV skull
| |
| *HaḳumV sky, cloud
| |
| *HaḳumV sky, cloud
| |
| *kVCV slanting
| |
| *ʔamV sleep
| |
| *[ʒ]VlV slide, creep
| |
| *SVlV slime
| |
| *SVlV slime, dirt
| |
| *cVḳV small
| |
| *CVḳV small
| |
| *ḳVṭV small
| |
| *ṭijV small
| |
| *ciṗV small bird
| |
| *ciṗV small bird
| |
| *ṗenV small female animal
| |
| *ṭVnV small, thin, short
| |
| *ḳVṭV small, young
| |
| *pVwjV small. child
| |
| *pVwjV small. child
| |
| *cwVHmV smear
| |
| *mVjrV smear, fat
| |
| *mVjrV smear, fat
| |
| *ć`ämV smear; fat
| |
| *[s]VwHV smell
| |
| *ṗunV smell
| |
| *sun(g)V smell
| |
| *śun(g)V smell
| |
| *ṗunV smell, breathe, smoke
| |
| *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) smile
| |
| *ǯun[k]V smoke
| |
| *ǯun[k]V smoke
| |
| *nVbV smoke, cloud
| |
| *nVbV smoke, cloud
| |
| *gVlV smooth
| |
| *CVNV smth. sharp
| |
| *ṗVjmV snake
| |
| *ʔanKV snake
| |
| *ʔanKV snake
| |
| IE *nētr- 'snake' snake
| |
| *lVmbV snake, eel
| |
| *lVmV soft, fragile
| |
| *mVlV soft, mild
| |
| *lVjńV soft, weak
| |
| *LVṗV soft, wet
| |
| *LVṗV soft, wet
| |
| Alt. *mùsi 'steam, spirit' soul, breath
| |
| *CVwVrV sour
| |
| *č`VmV sour, bitter
| |
| *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) sour, ferment
| |
| *ṭVgV span
| |
| *ṭVgV span
| |
| *jVnV speak, say, sound
| |
| *jVnV speak, sound
| |
| *ṗuNV spin, twist
| |
| *ṗuNV spin, twist
| |
| *cwVnV spirit
| |
| *ṭupV spit
| |
| *ṭupV spit
| |
| *ḳiwHV spit, fang
| |
| *ḳiwHV spit, fang
| |
| *lVṗV ? spleen
| |
| *lVṗV ? spleen
| |
| *tV(H)ʎV spleen
| |
| *tV(H)ʎV spleen, liver
| |
| *cVlV split
| |
| *CVlV split, tear off
| |
| *ṗVrjV spread
| |
| *CVχrV spread, extend
| |
| *pVdV spread, long
| |
| *PVnV spring
| |
| *bira (*bujra) spring, flow
| |
| *bira (*bujra) spring, flow
| |
| *p`iSV sprinkle
| |
| *p`isV sprinkle
| |
| *kanVbV stalk
| |
| *kanVbV stalk, peg
| |
| *čwVrV stand
| |
| *dVštV star
| |
| *HVzwVrV star, luminary
| |
| *dV[š]tV ? star, moon
| |
| *HVźVrV star, shine
| |
| *ṭVlV stem, board
| |
| *ColV steppe, valley, meadow
| |
| *ColV steppe, valley, meadow
| |
| *bVč`V stick
| |
| *ḳVlV stick
| |
| *ḳVlV stick
| |
| *bedV stick into, pierce
| |
| *bVč`V stick, pole
| |
| *ḳUrV stick, tree
| |
| *ḳUrV stick, tree
| |
| *ḳVmV ? stomach, intestines
| |
| *ḳElV stone
| |
| *kiwV stone
| |
| *ṭ/aj/lV stone
| |
| *ṭ/aj/lV stone
| |
| *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) stone, hill
| |
| *kiwV stone, mountain
| |
| *ḳElV stone, rock
| |
| *burV ( >> *p-) storm
| |
| *burV ( >> *p-) storm
| |
| *Huwa stream, flow of water
| |
| *Huwa stream, flow of water
| |
| *ṭumgV stump
| |
| *ṭumgV stump, trunk
| |
| *SUṗV suck
| |
| *zUkV suck
| |
| *muḳV swallow, gobble suck, swallow
| |
| *eli sufficient, complete
| |
| *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) sun
| |
| *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) sun
| |
| ? PT *daŋ 'dawn'; PJ (Ryukyu) *tianta 'sun' sun, day
| |
| *laHm[u] swamp
| |
| *laHm[u] swamp
| |
| *šwxVjṗV sweep
| |
| *cwVtu sweet
| |
| *cwVtu sweet, tasty
| |
| *ḳudV tail
| |
| *ḳudV tail
| |
| *toḳE tail
| |
| *toḳE tail
| |
| *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) tail, (long) hair
| |
| *śVrV back tail, back
| |
| *ga take
| |
| *ʔanV take
| |
| *gerV take, bring
| |
| *tVKV take, bring
| |
| *ʔVpV take, carry
| |
| *gVṭV take, get
| |
| *kantV take, grasp
| |
| *ʔVpV take, seize
| |
| *ṭVHmV taste
| |
| *xamV, *xamŋV taste (*xamŋV 'mouth')
| |
| *cVḳV temple, hair on temple
| |
| *ṗV(H)- ? ten, many
| |
| *ʔU[ṭ]V tent
| |
| *ḳoĺV testicle
| |
| *ḳoĺV testiculus
| |
| *ʔVbV that, that near
| |
| *ʔa (*ʔe) that, this
| |
| *ʔu that, this
| |
| *ʔu that, this
| |
| *ʔa (*ʔe) that, this (prob. *Ha that, *He this)
| |
| *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) thick
| |
| *ṭVkV thick
| |
| *ṭVkV thick, full
| |
| *bongä thick, swell
| |
| *bongä thick, swell
| |
| *bVgtV thigh
| |
| *bVgtV thigh
| |
| *ṗVǯkV thigh, leg (?)
| |
| *ṗVǯkV thigh, rump
| |
| *cUṗV thin
| |
| *ṭVnV thin
| |
| *ćUṗV thin, narrow
| |
| *HVdV thing
| |
| *HVdV thing; interrog. stem
| |
| *cV ( ~ č-) this
| |
| *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) this
| |
| *ḳV this
| |
| *ʔi (*hi) this
| |
| *ʔi (*hi) this
| |
| *ʒwVgV thorn
| |
| *ʒ́wVgV thorn
| |
| *NEḳrV thorny bush
| |
| *χwV thou (obl. forms?) [2nd p. pronoun]
| |
| *nV thou thou [2nd p. pronoun]
| |
| *ṭ[u] thou [2nd p. pronoun]
| |
| HVŋV throat
| |
| *kUṭV throat, intestines
| |
| *kUlV throat, swallow
| |
| *kUlV throat, to swallow
| |
| *cVḳV tickle
| |
| *tVḳV tie, weave
| |
| *CVCV tip, spout
| |
| *čVčV tip, spout
| |
| *ŋāńi to approach, follow
| |
| *ṗVrXV to ask, pray
| |
| *ṗVrXV to ask, pray
| |
| *mUCV to bare teeth
| |
| *buHi to be
| |
| *woɣlV to be
| |
| *woɣlV to be
| |
| *ʔa ? to be
| |
| *ʔa ? to be
| |
| *ʔesA to be
| |
| *ʔesA to be
| |
| *kVCV to be angry
| |
| *kVCV to be angry, hostile
| |
| *ṭVkV to be completed, exhausted
| |
| *ṭVkV to be lost, exhausted
| |
| *buḳV to be mad, stupid
| |
| *HwVlV to be visible
| |
| *c`olHV to be well
| |
| *ColHV to be well
| |
| *ʔelA to be, live
| |
| *ʔelA to be, live
| |
| *š[e]wV to bear
| |
| *š[e]wV to bear
| |
| *ṭVlV to bear
| |
| *ṭVlV to bear, lift
| |
| *ṗVṭV to beat
| |
| *ṗVṭV to beat
| |
| *ḳVwχV to beat, hit
| |
| *büḲa to bend
| |
| *cVḳV to bend
| |
| *Garḳu to bend
| |
| *Garḳu to bend
| |
| *guḳa to bend
| |
| *guḳa to bend
| |
| *güpA to bend
| |
| *ḳVlV ? to bend
| |
| *ḳVŋV to bend
| |
| *ɫoŋḳa to bend
| |
| *ɫoŋḳa to bend, bow
| |
| *KUrV to bend, turn
| |
| *güpA to bend; hump, heap
| |
| *KuTV to bind, girdle
| |
| *taxlwV to bind, harness
| |
| *kikV to bite
| |
| *ṭVHmV to bite, taste
| |
| *c`ajV to blink, shine, shade
| |
| *CajV to blink, shine, shade
| |
| *dVwɣV to blow
| |
| *p`uSV to blow
| |
| *p`uSV to blow
| |
| *ṗuɣV to blow
| |
| *ṗuɣV to blow
| |
| *dVwɣV to blow, shake
| |
| *Hewa to blow, winnow
| |
| *Hewa to blow, winnow
| |
| *ḳüpä to boil, foam
| |
| *ḳüpä to boil, foam
| |
| *gVbV to boil, roast
| |
| *lUŋ(k)V to bore, dig
| |
| *cVḳV to bow, bend
| |
| *ṗVSV to break, crumble
| |
| *ʔVrHwV to break, cut, wound
| |
| *ʔVrHwV to break, scatter, tear
| |
| *HwinV to breathe
| |
| *ʔanqV to breathe
| |
| *ʔanqV to breathe
| |
| */ḳ/alV to burn
| |
| *ć`wVwV (?*HVwć'wV) to burn
| |
| *cwVwV (?*HVwcwV) to burn
| |
| *dekO to burn
| |
| *dekO to burn
| |
| *Hase to burn
| |
| *HaSe to burn
| |
| *ḳVńV to burn
| |
| *ṗVdwV to burn
| |
| *ṭülV to burn
| |
| *kVwrV to burn, bake
| |
| *kVwrV to burn, bake
| |
| *ḳVju to burn, boil
| |
| *CVlV to burn, flash
| |
| *gVbV to burn, heat
| |
| *nVjV to burn, sun
| |
| *paḳV to burst, split (many roots)
| |
| *CVḥV (?) to call
| |
| *gVjwV to call
| |
| *gVjwV to call
| |
| *ḳErV to call
| |
| *ḳErV to call
| |
| *č`VrV to care
| |
| *čVrV to care
| |
| *HVrV to change, borrow
| |
| *HVrV to change, distribute
| |
| *käjwV (?-b-) to chew
| |
| *lVkV to collect, count
| |
| *lVkV to collect, count
| |
| *ṗanV to collect, put
| |
| *muṭV to complete
| |
| *ḳa(j)dV to cover
| |
| *ḳVrV to cover, protect
| |
| *gʷVnV to covet sexually
| |
| *gʷVnV to covet sexually
| |
| *aĺV to cross, other side
| |
| *pi(u)čV to crush
| |
| *ṗVjńV to crush, press
| |
| *pi(u)CV to crush, squeeze
| |
| *muɣrV to cry
| |
| *ḳVwV to cry, shout
| |
| *jVrV to curse, be angry
| |
| *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) to cut
| |
| *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) to cut
| |
| *ḳVć`V to cut
| |
| *mVc`V to cut
| |
| *ṭanV ? to cut
| |
| *ṗVwV to cut, hit, saw
| |
| *ṗVwV to cut, hit, saw
| |
| *kVlV ? to cut, knife
| |
| *CarV to cut, sharp
| |
| *sVḳV to cut, split
| |
| *śVḳV to cut, split
| |
| *mVCV to cut, tear
| |
| *tVlV to deceive
| |
| *KolV to die, kill
| |
| *ḳVṗV to dig, hack
| |
| *palV to divide, cut in half
| |
| *jVgU to drink
| |
| *tVrV to drink, flow
| |
| *KVmV to dry
| |
| *šwVrV to dry
| |
| *šwVrV to dry
| |
| *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) to dry up, extinguish
| |
| *ʒeGV to eat
| |
| *ʒeGV to eat
| |
| *ʔitV to eat
| |
| *ʔitV to eat
| |
| *ḳVmV to eat, gulp
| |
| *ḳVmV to eat, gulp
| |
| *ŋēni to enter, go
| |
| *ḳVtV to fall
| |
| *ṗeṭV to fall
| |
| *ṗeṭV to fall, (down)
| |
| *ṗVjlV to fall, fly
| |
| *ṗVjlV to fall, soar
| |
| *belHi to fear, be angry
| |
| *belHi to fear, be scared
| |
| *zUkV to ferment, squeeze juice
| |
| *ṭVmV to fill, stuff
| |
| *ḳUdV to finish
| |
| *ḳUdV to finish
| |
| *dUgV to fit, be good
| |
| *ḳVnV to fit, be good
| |
| *CVlV to flash, shine
| |
| *CurV / *CorV to flow, drip
| |
| *CurV / *CorV to flow, drip
| |
| *tUKV to flow, pour
| |
| *lVjḳV to follow, send, leave
| |
| *lVjḳV to follow, send, leave
| |
| *gVṭV to get
| |
| *be[rH]u to give
| |
| *be[rH]u to give
| |
| *cwVHV to give
| |
| *dwV[H]V to give
| |
| *dwV[H]V to give
| |
| *KVmV ? to give birth, family
| |
| *kVngV to gnaw
| |
| *gVwV / *gwVjV (?) to go
| |
| *meŋV to go
| |
| *ŋēni (cf. also *ŋāńi) to go, come
| |
| *ʒ́wVHV to go, come
| |
| *ʒwVHV to go, come, drive
| |
| *gVwV / *gwVjV (?) to go, follow
| |
| *mVrV to go, walk
| |
| *HaṗV to grasp
| |
| *HaṗV to grasp
| |
| *ḳaṗV to grasp
| |
| *ḳaṗV to grasp
| |
| *[p]itV to grasp, seize
| |
| *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) to grow
| |
| *buHi to grow, become
| |
| *tajV to hang
| |
| *[s]VŋʒwV ? to hang down; stand (?)
| |
| *kUŋ[d]V to harm, break
| |
| *CVrV to hate, be annoyed
| |
| *ǯVrV to hate, be annoyed
| |
| *ḳiwlV to hear
| |
| *ḳVrV to hide, protect
| |
| *KuĺV to hide, secret
| |
| *ḳVkV to hit, break
| |
| *mVqwV to hit, push
| |
| *gerV to hold
| |
| *ʔanV to hold, seize
| |
| *wVlV to howl, cry
| |
| *wVlV to howl, cry
| |
| *anTV to join, together
| |
| *anTV to join, together
| |
| *lVKV to jump, run
| |
| *ḳVs(w)V to kindle, dry
| |
| *cwVnV to know
| |
| *g(w)enV to know
| |
| *g(w)enV to know
| |
| *CVḥV (?) to know, consider
| |
| *ćwVnV (cf. also *sVnV) to know, think
| |
| *sVnV to know, think
| |
| *wetV to lead
| |
| *wetV (cf. also *dwVwV 'run') to lead, to go
| |
| *šVwV to let, agree
| |
| *l[a]pV to lick
| |
| *talV to lick
| |
| *lVm(ŋ)V to lick, swallow
| |
| *l[a]pV to lick; lip
| |
| *ḳVwjV to lie
| |
| *kVlV to lie, fall down
| |
| *kVlV to lie, sleep (also 'fall', cf. 412?)
| |
| *alV to listen, hear
| |
| *alV to listen, hear
| |
| *ḥujV to live
| |
| *ḥujV to live
| |
| *tVjḳV to look, show
| |
| *KuĺV to lose, hide
| |
| *wärV to make
| |
| *wärV to make
| |
| *KVmV ? to marry
| |
| *ḳVnV to match, fit
| |
| *dVnV to melt, flow
| |
| *dVnV to melt, flow
| |
| *kalV ? to mix, join
| |
| *SVlV to move
| |
| *SVlV to move
| |
| *ńowda to move quickly
| |
| *ńowda to move quickly, pursue
| |
| *mVqwV to move, push
| |
| *ćeKV to move, step
| |
| *ṗanCV to open, spread
| |
| *ʔaḳa to open, spread
| |
| *luku to peel, naked
| |
| *CoḳV to pierce
| |
| *CoḳV (cf. also *čVḳV) to pierce
| |
| *źVḳV to plait
| |
| *zVḳV to plait, smth. plaited
| |
| *HUbV to plait, weave
| |
| *HUbV to plait, weave
| |
| *rVCV to plait, weave, rope (?)
| |
| *tIgwV to plant vertically
| |
| *ṗIḳV to polish, rub
| |
| *L[ä]jV to pour
| |
| *lVHwV to pour
| |
| *ṗVHV to pour, drink to pour
| |
| *ṗVHV to pour, drink
| |
| *tUKV to pour, drop
| |
| *ʒwVHlV to pour, stream
| |
| *piCV ? to prepare food
| |
| *piCV ? to prepare food
| |
| *ńamV to press, seize
| |
| *ńamV to press, seize
| |
| *ṭVnV to pull
| |
| *ṭVnV to pull, stretch
| |
| *nVq̇V to push, beat; grind (2 roots?)
| |
| *nVq̇V to push, beat; grind (2 roots?)
| |
| *ńukV to push, pull
| |
| *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) to put
| |
| *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) to put
| |
| *ṗanV to put
| |
| *HVlV to receive (+ bestow)
| |
| *kVdwV ? to rise
| |
| *kVdwV to rise to rise
| |
| *ḲaLi to rise, raise
| |
| *ḲaLi to rise, raise
| |
| *Horä to rise; move, go
| |
| *HUlV to roll
| |
| *HUlV to roll
| |
| *murV to roll, twist
| |
| *ṗVšV to rub, crumble
| |
| *ṗIḳV to rub, scratch
| |
| *dwVwV to run
| |
| *ḳacwV to run
| |
| *ṭoKV to run
| |
| *ṭoKV to run
| |
| *ʔurKV to run
| |
| *ṭVŕgV to run, road
| |
| *tVHV to say
| |
| *wVḳV to say, call
| |
| *mVlV to say, pray
| |
| *s(w)VcwV to scatter
| |
| *ḳirV to scrape
| |
| *ḳirV; cf. also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign to scrape
| |
| *ḳV[sw]V to scrape
| |
| *gVrV to scratch
| |
| *xVḳV to scratch
| |
| *xVḳV to scratch
| |
| *ʔVwʒwV(HV) to see
| |
| *silV to see, eye
| |
| *wEdwV to see, eye
| |
| *ʔVnjV to see, eye
| |
| *HwVjV to see, guard
| |
| *HwVjV to see, guard
| |
| *silV to see, inspect
| |
| *šVḳV to see, know
| |
| *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) to see, know
| |
| *wEdwV to see, know, search
| |
| *ʔVwCV(HV) (cf. also *ʔincV) to see, perceive
| |
| *[p]itV to seize, press
| |
| *dVrV to shake
| |
| *nVkV to shine, be visible
| |
| *laṗV to shine, glitter, flash
| |
| *ḳVwV to shout, sound
| |
| *sVjHV to sift
| |
| *č`VṗV to sink
| |
| *č`VṗV to sink
| |
| *ʒVlV to slide, creep
| |
| *ḥVwV (?) to speak
| |
| *ḥVwV (?) to speak
| |
| *watV to speak
| |
| *watV to speak
| |
| *sVjwV to speak, shout
| |
| *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) to speak, shout
| |
| *muɣrV to speak, sound
| |
| *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) to spin, plait
| |
| *KVrV to spin, wind
| |
| *lUŋ(k)V to split, bore
| |
| *ṗVrjV to spread
| |
| *pVdV to spread, long
| |
| *CVχrV ? to spread, strew
| |
| *čwVrV to stand
| |
| *sVlV to stand (?)
| |
| *sVŋʒ́V to stand, hang down (?)
| |
| *tIgwV to stand, plant vertically
| |
| *ŋwVkV to stand, rise
| |
| *menV to stay
| |
| *nV(w)HV to stay, be, stand
| |
| *menV to stay, reside
| |
| *NEgV to stick in, pierce
| |
| *NEgV to stick in, pierce
| |
| *bulV to stir, mix
| |
| *bulV to stir, puddle
| |
| *nV(w)HV to stretch, stand
| |
| *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) to strike fire
| |
| *kUdV to submerge
| |
| *[c`w]VṗV to suck
| |
| *ʔEmV to suck
| |
| *CVrbV to suck (?)
| |
| *[c]VrbV to suck, leech
| |
| *C(w)VHrV to suffer
| |
| *c`VHrV to suffer
| |
| *dVwV to suffer
| |
| *dVwV to suffer, die
| |
| *enV to suffer, die
| |
| *enV to suffer; pain
| |
| *cwalV to suffice, be full
| |
| *HVṗV to swallow
| |
| *L[ü]ḳa to swallow
| |
| *L[ü]ḳa to swallow
| |
| *lVm(ŋ)V to swallow
| |
| *Sem[H]V to swallow
| |
| *Sem[H]V to swallow
| |
| *tVrV to swallow, drink
| |
| *muḳV to swallow, gobble
| |
| *balʕ[u] to swallow, throat
| |
| *gwVrV to swallow, throat
| |
| *gwVrV to swallow, throat
| |
| *balʕ[u] to swallow, throat; pipe
| |
| *swxVjṗV to sweep
| |
| *bari to take
| |
| *bari to take
| |
| *kantV to take
| |
| *ʔVjsV to take care of, honour
| |
| *HVlV to take, receive
| |
| *č`VmV ? to taste, eat
| |
| *xamV to taste, sour
| |
| *p`äŕ[a] to tear, break, split
| |
| *p`äŕ[a] to tear, break, split
| |
| *ḳV[ǯ]V to tear, rip
| |
| *manu to think
| |
| *manu to think
| |
| *ʒVm(ŋ)V to think, dream
| |
| *ḳVńV to tie, bind
| |
| *ḳVńV to tie, bind
| |
| *taxlwV to tie, net
| |
| *tVKV to touch
| |
| *Koki to trace
| |
| *Koki to trace
| |
| *dVrV to tremble
| |
| *ṭurV to turn round
| |
| *ṭurV to turn round
| |
| *ʔVŋV to understand, brain (?)
| |
| *gUrV to understand, see
| |
| *gUrV to understand, see
| |
| *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) to urinate
| |
| *[š]ehŕa to wake
| |
| *źwehŕa to wake
| |
| *ṭVlV to wake, become clear
| |
| *ṭVlV to wake; see > eye (?)
| |
| *gVrV to walk, go
| |
| *gVrV to walk, run
| |
| *meŋV to walk, run
| |
| *lVHwV to wash, soak
| |
| *mVjV to weaken, disappear
| |
| *mVjV to weaken, disappear
| |
| *lVCV to wear out; weak, exhausted
| |
| *wVc`V to wear, put on
| |
| *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) to weave (a lattice?)
| |
| *c`VmrV to wink, eyelid
| |
| *h/a/wV to wish
| |
| *wiʎ/g/V to wish
| |
| *wiʎ/g/V to wish
| |
| *h/a/wV to wish (cf. 173)
| |
| *ʔVnV(jV) to wish, help
| |
| *šVwV to wish, let
| |
| *buḳV to worry, be stupid
| |
| *ʔewV to wound, kill
| |
| *ʔewV to wound, kill
| |
| *tilV(ŋV) tongue
| |
| *tilV(ŋV) tongue
| |
| *Ḳä[lH]ä tongue, to speak
| |
| *Ḳä[lH]ä tongue, to speak
| |
| *palV tooth
| |
| *palV tooth
| |
| *ɣoŋɣV tooth, peg
| |
| *ḳVmbV tooth, sharp edge
| |
| *ḳVmbV tooth, sharp edge
| |
| *ḳVḳV top
| |
| *ḳVḳV top
| |
| *mVĺV top
| |
| *KVmPV top of head
| |
| *KVmPV top of head
| |
| *TUmV top of head, hair
| |
| *TUmV top of head, hair of head
| |
| *ḳirV top of head, horn
| |
| *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) top, summit
| |
| *ṭaṗV touch, plaster
| |
| *ṭaṗV touch, plaster, attach ?
| |
| *ceKV tramp, step
| |
| *ṗUjV tree
| |
| *ṗUjV tree
| |
| *widV tree
| |
| *dʷirV tree, wood
| |
| *dʷirV tree, wood
| |
| *c`UlV twig, branch
| |
| *šVṭV ? twig, rod
| |
| *murV twist
| |
| *tVḳV twist, weave
| |
| *malV two
| |
| *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) two
| |
| *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) two
| |
| *NVlV two / four / eight
| |
| *gagtV two, pair
| |
| *jVŕV two, pair
| |
| *jVŕV two, pair
| |
| *ʔVŋV understand, brain
| |
| *ʔirV ungulate
| |
| *ʔirV ungulate
| |
| *kVŋkV upper part of chest, collarbone
| |
| *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) urine, urinate
| |
| *gowlV valley
| |
| *gowlV valley, deep
| |
| *kala vessel
| |
| *kala vessel
| |
| *ḳaṗV vessel
| |
| *ḳaṗV vessel
| |
| *ḳVwKV vessel
| |
| *koṭV village
| |
| *koṭV village, house
| |
| *ḳojmV village, hut
| |
| *p`u[ṭ]V vulva
| |
| *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) vulva
| |
| *ṗuKdV wake
| |
| *kä[lH]V walk, roam, ford
| |
| *kä[lH]V walk, roam, ford
| |
| *ṭVŕgV walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations?)
| |
| *lVmV warm
| |
| *ṭ[ä]pV warm
| |
| *ṭ[ä]pV warm
| |
| Ur. *kačV 'warm' warm
| |
| *bVnV ? wash
| |
| *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) wash
| |
| *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) wash
| |
| *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) wash, flow
| |
| *bVnV ? water
| |
| *wetV water
| |
| *wetV water
| |
| *ʕEḳu water
| |
| *ʕEḳu water
| |
| *ʒwVHlV water, pour
| |
| *kUdV water, to submerge
| |
| *mEwV water, wet
| |
| *mEwV water, wet
| |
| *wV we (pronoun)
| |
| *wV we we, I [1st p. pronoun]
| |
| *HalV (cf. also *lVjV ) weak
| |
| *lVjV weak
| |
| *ṭVrV weak
| |
| *lVjńV weak, lax
| |
| *HalV weak, tired
| |
| *ŋVwV weak, tired, dead
| |
| *ṭVrV weak, young
| |
| *wVCV wear, dress
| |
| *ēco ( ~ -č-) weary, tired
| |
| *(H)wiɫV wet
| |
| *(H)wiɫV wet wet
| |
| *mäŕä wet
| |
| *mäŕä wet
| |
| *mVk`V wet
| |
| *mV what, interrogative pronoun
| |
| *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) white
| |
| *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) white, clean
| |
| *CV who
| |
| *ḳV who, what
| |
| *ḳVĺwV whole
| |
| *ḳVĺwV whole, all, combine
| |
| *ćwalV whole, full
| |
| *ṗaṭV wide
| |
| *ṗaṭV wide, open
| |
| *čwalV willow
| |
| *čwalV willow
| |
| *CalV ? wind, to blow
| |
| *gara wing; arm
| |
| *PVnV winter ~ spring
| |
| *gImV winter, cold
| |
| *gImV winter, cold
| |
| *ʔVnV(jV) wish
| |
| *ḲüjnA wolf, dog
| |
| *ḲüjnA wolf, dog
| |
| *k/u/nV woman
| |
| *k/u/nV woman
| |
| *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) woman, female
| |
| *widV wood
| |
| *ḲorV worm
| |
| *ḲorV worm
| |
| *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?) worm
| |
| *mVṭV worm
| |
| *mVṭV worm
| |
| *ṗäri worm
| |
| *ṗäri worm
| |
| *ḳwVŋV worm, insect
| |
| *ŋalmV worm, insect
| |
| *w[e]ṭV year
| |
| *w[e]ṭV year
| |
| *CVnV year, old
| |
| *zVnV year, old
| |
| *si you
| |
| "Alt. "*bāla 'child, young' young
| |
| *ṭVlV young animal, plant
| |
| *ṭVlV young animal, plant
| |
| *majrV young male
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| *majrV young male
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| *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) young man
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| *ḳʷVŕV young of animals
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| *ḳʷVŕV young of animals
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| *ḲanV young, child
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| *ḲanV young, child
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| |} | | |} |
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