Linguifex

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean/Lexicon: Difference between revisions

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Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean/Lexicon (view source)

Revision as of 19:35, 12 July 2024

429 bytes removed ,  12 July
→‎Etymologies possibly linked to Nostratic
Line 2,112: Line 2,112:
|-
|-
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|first person pronoun (exclusive?)
|first person pronoun (exclusive)
|*ŋV
|*ŋV
|-
|-
Line 2,388: Line 2,388:
|-
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|gather, assemble *ṗVrV buy, assemble
|gather, assemble; buy, assemble
|*ṗVrV
|-
|
|
|genitalia
|*ḳUṭV
|-
|-
|
|
|genitalia *ḳUṭV
|genitalia
|*ḳUṭV
|-
|
|
|get in pairs, pair > two
|*malV
|-
|-
|
|
|genitalia *ḳUṭV
|get, obtain
|*ga
|-
|
|
|gift, allotment
|*ajṭV ~ *amṭV
|-
|-
|
|
|get in pairs, pair > two *malV
|gift, allotment
|*ajṭV ~ *amṭV
|-
|
|
|give
|*ćwVHV
|-
|-
|
|
|get, obtain *ga
|glittering
|*gi[ɫ]ħu
|-
|
|
|glittering
|*gi[ɫ]ħu
|-
|-
|
|
|gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV
|glue
|*[c]VbV
|-
|
|
|glue, join
|*ćabV
|-
|-
|
|
|gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV
|go astray, fall apart
|*HVŕV
|-
|
|
|go, come
|*HVjV
|-
|-
|
|
|give *ćwVHV
|go, follow
|*HVjV
|-
|
|
|goat
|*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV)
|-
|-
|
|
|glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu
|goat, deer
|*ʔoru
|-
|
|
|goat, ram, deer
|*pOgV
|-
|-
|
|
|glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu
|good
|*mVlV
|-
|
|
|good
|*näḳi
|-
|-
|
|
|glue *[c]VbV
|good (of soul)
|*näḳi
|-
|
|
|good, big
|*bVtV
|-
|-
|
|
|glue, join *ćabV
|good, fit
|*dUgV
|-
|
|
|good, new
|*wVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|go astray, fall apart *HVŕV
|good, proper
|*ʔVjV
|-
|
|
|good, take care
|*ʔVjsV
|-
|-
|
|
|go, come *HVjV
|goose
|*ĺVkĺVkV
|-
|
|
|grain
|*SVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|go, follow *HVjV
|grain
|*SVrV
|-
|
|
|grasp
|*kamV
|-
|-
|
|
|goat *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV)
|grasp
|*kamV
|-
|
|
|grasp, seize, press
|*HamV
|-
|-
|
|
|goat, deer *ʔoru
|grass
|*kuCu
|-
|
|
|grass, reed
|*ćVmV
|-
|-
|
|
|goat, ram, deer *pOgV
|grass, twigs
|*c`UlV
|-
|
|
|grass, vegetables
|*kuč`u
|-
|-
|
|
|good *mVlV
|grey
|*c'VjrV
|-
|
|
|grey
|*c'VjrV
|-
|-
|
|
|good *näḳi
|grind
|*nVq̇V
|-
|
|
|grind
|*nVq̇V
|-
|-
|
|
|good (of soul) *näḳi
|gum, resin, mud
|*ṗoŋV
|-
|
|
|gums; part of face, gums
|*ńVjlV
|-
|-
|
|
|good, big *bVtV
|guts, inside
|*oŕV
|-
|
|
|hack
|*ṭanV
|-
|-
|
|
|good, fit *dUgV
|hair
|*cVḳV
|-
|
|
|hair
|*k`VSV
|-
|-
|
|
|good, new *wVlV
|hair
|*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
|-
|
|
|hair
|*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
|-
|-
|
|
|good, proper *ʔVjV
|hair
|*nVwrV
|-
|
|
|hair
|*nVwrV
|-
|-
|
|
|good, take care *ʔVjsV
|hair
|*ŋVjV
|-
|
|
|hair
|*p`un(́)V
|-
|-
|
|
|goose *ĺVkĺVkV
|hair
|*p`un(́)V
|-
|
|
|hair
|*pUdV
|-
|-
|
|
|grain *SVrV
|hair
|*sVHrV
|-
|
|
|hair
|*sVHrV
|-
|-
|
|
|grain *SVrV
|hair
|*ṭVrV
|-
|
|
|hair
|*ṭVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|grasp *kamV
|hair
|*k`VSV
|-
|
|
|hair, beard
|*Ḳila
|-
|-
|
|
|grasp *kamV
|hair, eyebrow
|*burV
|-
|
|
|hair, feather
|*pUdV (*HapUdV)
|-
|-
|
|
|grasp, seize, press *HamV
|hair, hair of head
|*burV
|-
|
|
|hair, head
|*q̇irV
|-
|-
|
|
|grass *kuCu
|hair, rope
|*ŋVjV
|-
|
|
|hair, stalk
|*Ḳila
|-
|-
|
|
|grass, reed *ćVmV
|hair, tail
|*sVPV
|-
|
|
|half, part
|*palV
|-
|-
|
|
|grass, twigs *c`UlV
|hand
|*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV)
|-
|
|
|hand
|*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV)
|-
|-
|
|
|grass, vegetables *kuč`u
|hand(ful)
|*kompV
|-
|
|
|hand, arm
|*bVgu
|-
|-
|
|
|grey *c'VjrV
|hand, arm
|*udV
|-
|
|
|hand, bone
|*ŋVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|grey *c'VjrV
|hand, elbow
|*ŋVlV
|-
|
|
|hand, fist
|*ṗVnḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|grind *nVq̇V
|hand, limb
|*udV
|-
|
|
|hard
|*ḳVmV
|-
|-
|
|
|grind *nVq̇V
|hard, bone
|*ḳVmV
|-
|
|
|hard, firm
|*pVKV
|-
|-
|
|
|gum, resin, mud *ṗoŋV
|harm, deceive
|*sogwV ( ~ š-)
|-
|
|
|harsh, ragged
|*c`VrV
|-
|-
|
|
|gums *ńVjlV part of face, gums
|head
|*q̇irV
|-
|
|
|head, back of head
|*ḳapV
|-
|-
|
|
|guts, inside *oŕV
|hear
|*sVmV
|-
|
|
|hear
|*SVmV
|-
|-
|
|
|hack *ṭanV
|hear, ear
|*ḳiwlV
|-
|
|
|hear, ear; hear; ear
|*me-
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *cVḳV
|heart
|*sVʎV(mV)
|-
|
|
|heart
|*śVʎV(mV)
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *k`VSV
|heart, breast
|*ḳerdV
|-
|
|
|heat
|*[H]indV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
|heavy, labour
|*mVnḳV
|-
|
|
|herd
|*cVčV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
|high
|*berg[i]
|-
|
|
|high
|*berg[i]
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *nVwrV
|high
|*TVGV
|-
|
|
|hill
|*tujpV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *nVwrV
|hill, rock
|*bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-)
|-
|
|
|hill, top
|*tujpV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *ŋVjV
|hit
|*wVdV
|-
|
|
|hit
|*wVdV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *p`un(́)V
|hole
|*HangV (*wonkV)
|-
|
|
|hole
|*k`VCV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *p`un(́)V
|hole
|*ḳUrV
|-
|
|
|hole
|*wonkV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *pUdV
|hole, cavity
|*ḳVwVŋV
|-
|
|
|hole, empty
|*gop`a
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *sVHrV
|hole, empty
|*gop`a
|-
|
|
|hole, mouth
|*k`VCV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *sVHrV
|hole, vulva
|*p`u[ṭ]V
|-
|
|
|hollow
|*HVlwV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *ṭVrV
|hollow, cavity
|*HVlwV
|-
|
|
|hoof
|*ḳäṗV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *ṭVrV
|hoof
|*ḳäṗV
|-
|
|
|hoof
|*sUdV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair *k`VSV
|hoof
|*ṭUṗV
|-
|
|
|hoof, finger(nail); hoof
|*ṭUṗV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, beard *Ḳila
|hoof, hoof deformation
|*c`UdV
|-
|
|
|horn
|*ḳirV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, eyebrow *burV
|horn
|*mVrgV
|-
|
|
|horn; root
|*mVrgV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, feather *pUdV (*HapUdV)
|horned animal
|*bVrV
|-
|
|
|horned animal
|*bVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, hair of head *burV
|hot, warm
|*ṗäḳV
|-
|
|
|house
|*pVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, head *q̇irV
|house
|*ʔU[ṭ]V
|-
|
|
|house, village; village, hut
|*ḳojmV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, rope *ŋVjV
|humid, wet
|*mVk`V
|-
|
|
|I, myself
|*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, stalk *Ḳila
|I, myself; we [first person pronoun]
|*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
|-
|
|
|I, we [first person pronoun]
|*mV
|-
|-
|
|
|hair, tail *sVPV
|ice, cold
|*jVkV
|-
|
|
|ice, cold
|*jVkV
|-
|-
|
|
|half, part *palV
|ill, die
|*m[ä]rV
|-
|
|
|ill, die
|*m[ä]rV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?)
|insect, vermine
|*tVkV
|-
|
|
|insect, vermine
|*tVkV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?)
|insect, worm
|*ḳwVŋV
|-
|
|
|insect, worm
|*lVŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand(ful) *kompV
|inside, stomach
|*ʔudV
|-
|
|
|interrogative or relative pronoun
|*ŋiV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, arm *bVgu
|interrogative or relative pronoun
|*ŋiV
|-
|
|
|interrogative pronoun
|*ḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, arm *udV
|interrogative pronoun
|*mV
|-
|
|
|intestine
|*[c']VlV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, bone *ŋVlV
|intestine
|*ć'VlV
|-
|
|
|intestine
|*ḳUʒwV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, elbow *ŋVlV
|intestines
|*ḳUʒ́wV
|-
|
|
|intestines; stomach, intestines
|*ḳVmV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, fist *ṗVnḳV
|intestines
|*lVŋ(d)V
|-
|
|
|intestines
|*oŕV
|-
|-
|
|
|hand, limb *udV
|jaw, palate
|*ʔVŋV
|-
|
|
|jaw, palate
|*ʔVŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|hard *ḳVmV
|joint, limb
|*bVgu
|-
|
|
|joy
|*bVjV
|-
|-
|
|
|hard, bone *ḳVmV
|joy, desire
|*bVjV
|-
|
|
|juice, ferment
|*sVḳV ( ~ š-)
|-
|-
|
|
|hard, firm *pVKV
|jump, run
|*lVKV
|-
|
|
|kidney, heart
|*lVŋ(d)V
|-
|-
|
|
|harm, deceive *sogwV ( ~ š-)
|kill
|*KolV
|-
|
|
|kill
|*ḳVwχV
|-
|-
|
|
|harsh, ragged *c`VrV
|knee
|*bVl(m)V
|-
|
|
|knee, ankle
|*sVnV
|-
|-
|
|
|head *q̇irV
|knife, cut, break
|*kUŋ[d]V
|-
|
|
|know
|*ṭanV
|-
|-
|
|
|head, back of head *ḳapV
|know, hear; know
|*ṭanV (*-ŋ-)
|-
|
|
|know, name
|*nerV
|-
|-
|
|
|hear *sVmV
|large fish
|*lVmbV
|-
|
|
|large predator
|*zīwe(ŋkV)
|-
|-
|
|
|hear *SVmV
|large predator
|*zīwe(ŋkV)
|-
|
|
|large, heavy
|*sUrV
|-
|-
|
|
|hear, ear *ḳiwlV
|large, heavy
|*sUrV
|-
|
|
|laugh
|*gUlV
|-
|-
|
|
|hear, ear *me- 'hear; ear'
|laugh, merry
|*gUlV
|-
|
|
|leaf
|*bolV
|-
|-
|
|
|heart *sVʎV(mV)
|leaf
|*bolV
|-
|
|
|leaf
|*lVṗV
|-
|-
|
|
|heart *śVʎV(mV)
|leaf tree
|*ṗVlV
|-
|
|
|leaf tree
|*ṗVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|heart, breast *ḳerdV
|leaf, bark
|*lVṗV
|-
|
|
|leaf, branch
|*HelV
|-
|-
|
|
|heat *[H]indV
|leaf, flower; bud
|*pòŋa ( ~ *p`-)
|-
|
|
|leaf; reed
|*HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)
|-
|-
|
|
|heavy, labour *mVnḳV
|leg
|*ɫaḳV
|-
|
|
|leg
|*ɫaḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|herd *cVčV
|leg, arm
|*ḳVwlV
|-
|
|
|leg, limb
|*ḳVwlV
|-
|-
|
|
|high *berg[i]
|level ground
|*ṭalV
|-
|
|
|lick
|*laḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|high *berg[i]
|lick
|*laḳV
|-
|
|
|lick
|*lašV
|-
|-
|
|
|high *TVGV
|lick
|*lašV
|-
|
|
|lick, drink
|*talV
|-
|-
|
|
|hill *tujpV
|lie
|*ḳVwjV
|-
|
|
|light, burn
|*Howri
|-
|-
|
|
|hill, rock *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-)
|light, burn
|*Howri
|-
|
|
|light, loose
|*SulV
|-
|-
|
|
|hill, top *tujpV
|light, shine
|*HVlV
|-
|
|
|light, shine
|*HVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|hit *wVdV
|light, shine
|*jVḳV
|-
|
|
|light, shine
|*jVḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|hit *wVdV
|light, shine
|*mVlV
|-
|
|
|limb
|*ṗVHdV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole *HangV (also *wonkV)
|lip, soft excrescence
|*kanpV
|-
|
|
|lip, soft excrescence
|*kanpV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole *k`VCV
|liquid
|*GurV
|-
|
|
|liquid
|*GurV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole *ḳUrV
|liquid
|*lVṭV
|-
|
|
|liquid
|*lVṭV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole *wonkV
|liquid
|*sVwV
|-
|
|
|liquid
|*śVwV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole, cavity *ḳVwVŋV
|liquid, dirt
|*lVḳwV
|-
|
|
|liquid, flow
|*L[ä]jV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole, empty *gop`a
|liver
|*pi̯ā̀ki
|-
|
|
|liver
|*ponta
|-
|-
|
|
|hole, empty *gop`a
|liver, belly
|*tVrV(ŋV)
|-
|
|
|liver, intestines; blood, marrow
|*mVLV
|-
|-
|
|
|hole, mouth *k`VCV
|lizard, slug
|*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
|-
|
|
|lizard, worm
|*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
|-
|-
|
|
|hole, vulva *p`u[ṭ]V
|loins, groin
|*zVmV
|-
|
|
|long
|*tel(ḥ)V
|-
|-
|
|
|hollow *HVlwV
|long
|*tel(ḥ)V
|-
|
|
|long bone
|*śVnV
|-
|-
|
|
|hollow, cavity *HVlwV
|long hair, tail
|*[s]VPV
|-
|
|
|long, far
|*ḳUlV
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof *ḳäṗV
|long, high
|*HVgU
|-
|
|
|long, wide
|*wVŕV
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof *ḳäṗV
|long, wide
|*wVŕV
|-
|
|
|loose
|*SulV
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof *sUdV
|loose(n)
|*lVCV
|-
|
|
|louse
|*pVN(T)V
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof *ṭUṗV
|louse
|*ṭäjV
|-
|
|
|louse
|*ṭäjV
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof, finger(nail) *ṭUṗV hoof
|louse, nit
|*ñejV
|-
|
|
|love, good
|*ʔVjV
|-
|-
|
|
|hoof, hoof deformation *c`UdV
|luminary
|*mVnzV
|-
|
|
|luminary
|*mVnʒ́V
|-
|-
|
|
|horn *ḳirV
|lung, liver
|*pVjLV
|-
|
|
|lung, spleen
|*pVjLV
|-
|-
|
|
|horn *mVrgV
|male
|*gVntV
|-
|
|
|male
|*gVntV
|-
|-
|
|
|horn; root *mVrgV
|male, male child
|*mVḳV
|-
|
|
|man
|*ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-)
|-
|-
|
|
|horned animal *bVrV
|man
|*mänV
|-
|
|
|man
|*mänV
|-
|-
|
|
|horned animal *bVrV
|many
|*m[o]nV
|-
|
|
|many
|*m[o]nV
|-
|-
|
|
|hot, warm *ṗäḳV
|many
|*ṗalV
|-
|
|
|many
|*ṗV(H)-
|-
|-
|
|
|house *pVrV
|many, big
|*bVtV
|-
|
|
|many, full
|*ṗalV
|-
|-
|
|
|house *ʔU[ṭ]V
|marsh
|*[sw]VjmV
|-
|
|
|marsh, uncultivated land
|*[sw]VjmV
|-
|-
|
|
|house, village *ḳojmV village, hut
|marten
|*ḳ[u]nV
|-
|
|
|marten
|*ḳ[u]nV
|-
|-
|
|
|humid, wet *mVk`V
|meat
|*ńVḳV(rV)
|-
|
|
|meat
|*sUḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|I, myself *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
|meat
|*ʔomsV
|-
|
|
|meat
|*ʔomśV
|-
|-
|
|
|I, myself; we [first person pronoun] *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
|meat, animal
|*cVč𝑉čV
|-
|
|
|meat, deer
|*sUḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|I, we [first person pronoun] *mV
|meat, liver
|*mVḳV
|-
|
|
|meat, liver
|*mVḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|ice, cold *jVkV
|meat, roe, intestines
|*ńVḳV(rV)
|-
|
|
|member of the clan
|*ʔarV
|-
|-
|
|
|ice, cold *jVkV
|moisture
|*mVtV
|-
|
|
|moisture
|*mVtV
|-
|-
|
|
|ill, die *m[ä]rV
|moon, heavenly body
|*ṭVlgV(nV)
|-
|
|
|moon, luminary
|*ṭVlgV(nV)
|-
|-
|
|
|ill, die *m[ä]rV
|morning
|*ṗuKdV
|-
|
|
|morning / evening
|*HamV
|-
|-
|
|
|insect, vermine *tVkV
|morning ~ evening
|*SVKV
|-
|
|
|morning, clear sky
|*ŋańV
|-
|-
|
|
|insect, vermine *tVkV
|moth
|*kuńV
|-
|
|
|mother
|*ʔVjV
|-
|-
|
|
|insect, worm *ḳwVŋV
|mother
|*ʔVjV
|-
|
|
|mother
|*ʔVmV
|-
|-
|
|
|insect, worm *lVŋV
|mother, woman
|*ʔVmV
|-
|
|
|mountain
|*balV
|-
|-
|
|
|inside, stomach *ʔudV
|mountain
|*malV
|-
|
|
|mountain
|*malV
|-
|-
|
|
|interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV
|mountain
|*wVrV
|-
|
|
|mountain
|*wVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV
|mountain, high
|*TVGV
|-
|
|
|mountain, hill
|*balV
|-
|-
|
|
|interrogative pronoun *ḳV
|mountain, hill
|*gʷVrV
|-
|
|
|mountain, hill
|*gʷVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|interrogative pronoun *mV
|mountain, top
|*ṗVrV
|-
|
|
|mountain, top
|*ṗVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestine *[c']VlV
|mouse
|*cVḳV ( ~ *c`-)
|-
|
|
|mouse, squirrel
|*CVḳV (*cwVkV ( ~ čw-))
|-
|-
|
|
|intestine *ć'VlV
|mouse, squirrel
|*gʷVĺV
|-
|
|
|mouth
|*[s]UwV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestine *ḳUʒwV
|mouth, hole
|*HVwV
|-
|
|
|mouth, hole
|*HVwV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestines *ḳUʒ́wV
|mouth; eat
|*č`VmV
|-
|
|
|mouth; speak
|*ʔVpV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestines *ḳVmV stomach, intestines
|mouth; to speak
|*ʔVpV
|-
|
|
|mud, dung
|*ḳorV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestines *lVŋ(d)V
|mud; gum, resin
|*ṗoŋV
|-
|
|
|multitude; be satiated
|*HVwV
|-
|-
|
|
|intestines *oŕV
|mushroom, fungus
|*pUtV
|-
|
|
|mushroom, sponge
|*pUtV
|-
|-
|
|
|jaw, palate *ʔVŋV
|naked, take off clothes
|*luku
|-
|
|
|name
|*ĺVm(ŋ)V
|-
|-
|
|
|jaw, palate *ʔVŋV
|name
|*ĺVm(ŋ)V
|-
|
|
|name
|*ṗVtV
|-
|-
|
|
|joint, limb *bVgu
|name, call
|*ṗVtV
|-
|
|
|name, shape
|*šamV
|-
|-
|
|
|joy *bVjV
|nape, back
|*[s]VKV
|-
|
|
|nape, back
|*śVKV
|-
|-
|
|
|joy, desire *bVjV
|nape; back
|*dVgV
|-
|
|
|narrow
|*č`VnV
|-
|-
|
|
|juice, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ š-)
|narrow
|*ṭijV
|-
|
|
|narrow, thin
|*č`VnV
|-
|-
|
|
|jump, run *lVKV
|near
|*ʔVbV
|-
|
|
|neck
|*ḳVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|kidney, heart *lVŋ(d)V
|neck, collar
|*kVŋkV
|-
|
|
|neck, throat
|*HVŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|kill *KolV
|neck, throat
|*ḳVlV
|-
|
|
|neck, vertebra
|*nVKV
|-
|-
|
|
|kill *ḳVwχV
|negative particle
|*ʔVlV
|-
|
|
|negative particle
|*ʔVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|knee *bVl(m)V
|negative verb
|*ʔe
|-
|
|
|new
|*žVjŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|knee, ankle *sVnV
|new, fresh
|*CVrV
|-
|
|
|new, good
|*žVjŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|knife, cut, break *kUŋ[d]V
|new, young
|*CVrV
|-
|
|
|new, young
|*wVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|know *ṭanV
|night
|*HUdV
|-
|
|
|night
|*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-)
|-
|-
|
|
|know, hear *ṭanV (?*-ŋ-) know
|night
|*lVlV
|-
|
|
|night
|*lVlV
|-
|-
|
|
|know, name *nerV
|night, dawn; morning, clear sky
|*ŋańV
|-
|
|
|night, sleep
|*HUdV
|-
|-
|
|
|large fish *lVmbV
|night, sleep
|*zVNV
|-
|
|
|night, sleep
|*ʒ́iNV
|-
|-
|
|
|large predator *zīwe(ŋkV)
|night, sleep
|*ʔamV
|-
|
|
|nit
|*ñejV
|-
|-
|
|
|large predator *zīwe(ŋkV)
|nit, louse
|*sajrV
|-
|
|
|nit, louse
|*sajrV ( ~ *ś-)
|-
|-
|
|
|large, heavy *sUrV
|nose
|*ḳVŋV
|-
|
|
|nose
|*ḳVŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|large, heavy *sUrV
|nose
|*ne(H)wRV
|-
|
|
|nose
|*ŋVkCV
|-
|-
|
|
|laugh *gUlV
|nose
|*wiKV (*ujKV)
|-
|
|
|nose
|*wiKV (*ujKV)
|-
|-
|
|
|laugh, merry *gUlV
|nose, nostril
|*CVxrV
|-
|
|
|nose, nostril
|*cwVxrV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf *bolV
|not
|*ʔVnV
|-
|
|
|not, negative particle
|*ʔVnV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf *bolV
|not, negative verb
|*ʔe
|-
|
|
|notch, sign
|*gVrVbV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf *lVṗV
|now; new
|*nVwV
|-
|
|
|now; new
|*nVwV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf tree *ṗVlV
|numerous, full
|*tVrV
|-
|
|
|nut, fruit; nut
|*ar-
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf tree *ṗVlV
|old
|*gwVrV
|-
|
|
|old
|*gwVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf, bark *lVṗV
|old
|*zVr(d)V
|-
|
|
|one
|*sem-
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf, branch *HelV
|one
|*ʔUdV
|-
|
|
|one
|*ʔUdV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf, flower *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) 'bud'
|one
|*ʔVrV
|-
|
|
|one
|*ʔVrV
|-
|-
|
|
|leaf; reed? *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)
|one, finger
|*dwV(j)ḳV
|-
|
|
|one, finger
|*dwV(j)ḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|leg *ɫaḳV
|one, self
|
|*ʔo(ŋ)nV
|-
|-
|
|
|leg *ɫaḳV
|onion, odorous grass
|
|*sUŋV
|-
|-
|
|
|leg, arm *ḳVwlV
|open
|
|*ṗan[c]V
|-
|-
|
|
|leg, limb *ḳVwlV
|open space
|
|*ʔVrHV
|-
|-
|
|
|level ground *ṭalV
|open space
|
|*ʔVrHV
|-
|-
|
|
|lick *laḳV
|open, hole
|
|*HangV
|-
|-
|
|
|lick *laḳV
|open; hole
|
|*ʔaḳa
|-
|-
|
|
|lick *lašV
|order, custom
|
|*nerV
|-
|-
|
|
|lick *lašV
|original place
|
|*ni̯VnV
|-
|-
|
|
|lick, drink *talV
|other; other side
|
|*aĺV
|-
|-
|
|
|lie *ḳVwjV
|other
|
|*gUjV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, burn *Howri
|other
|
|*gwVjV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, burn *Howri
|pain, wound
|
|*mVnḳV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, loose *SulV
|painful state, grief
|
|*gilV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, shine *HVlV
|painful state, grief
|
|*gilV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, shine *HVlV
|pair, one of a pair
|
|*gagtV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, shine *jVḳV
|palate, tongue
|
|*ŋVnV
|-
|-
|
|
|light, shine *jVḳV
|palate, tongue
|
|*ŋVnV
|-
|
|light, shine *mVlV
|
|-
|
|limb *ṗVHdV
|
|-
|
|lip, soft excrescence *kanpV
|
|-
|
|lip, soft excrescence *kanpV
|
|-
|
|liquid *GurV
|
|-
|
|liquid *GurV
|
|-
|
|liquid *lVṭV
|
|-
|
|liquid *lVṭV
|
|-
|
|liquid *sVwV
|
|-
|
|liquid *śVwV
|
|-
|
|liquid, dirt *lVḳwV
|
|-
|
|liquid, flow *L[ä]jV
|
|-
|
|liver *pi̯ā̀ki liver
|
|-
|
|liver *ponta
|
|-
|
|liver, belly *tVrV(ŋV)
|
|-
|
|liver, intestines *mVLV blood, marrow
|
|-
|
|lizard, slug *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
|
|-
|
|lizard, worm *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
|
|-
|
|loins, groin *zVmV
|
|-
|
|long *tel(ḥ)V
|
|-
|
|long *tel(ḥ)V
|
|-
|
|long bone *śVnV
|
|-
|
|long hair, tail *[s]VPV
|
|-
|
|long, far *ḳUlV
|
|-
|
|long, high *HVgU
|
|-
|
|long, wide *wVŕV
|
|-
|
|long, wide *wVŕV
|
|-
|
|loose *SulV
|
|-
|
|loose(n) *lVCV
|
|-
|
|louse *pVN(T)V
|
|-
|
|louse *ṭäjV
|
|-
|
|louse *ṭäjV
|
|-
|
|louse, nit *ñejV
|
|-
|
|love, good *ʔVjV
|
|-
|
|luminary *mVnzV
|
|-
|
|luminary *mVnʒ́V
|
|-
|
|lung, liver *pVjLV
|
|-
|
|lung, spleen *pVjLV
|
|-
|
|male *gVntV
|
|-
|
|male *gVntV
|
|-
|
|male, male child *mVḳV
|
|-
|
|man *ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-)
|
|-
|
|man *mänV
|
|-
|
|man *mänV
|
|-
|
|many *m[o]nV
|
|-
|
|many *m[o]nV
|
|-
|
|many *ṗalV
|
|-
|
|many *ṗV(H)-
|
|-
|
|many, big *bVtV
|
|-
|
|many, full *ṗalV
|
|-
|
|marsh *[sw]VjmV
|
|-
|
|marsh, uncultivated land *[sw]VjmV
|
|-
|
|marten *ḳ[u]nV
|
|-
|
|marten *ḳ[u]nV
|
|-
|
|meat *ńVḳV(rV)
|
|-
|
|meat *sUḳV
|
|-
|
|meat *ʔomsV
|
|-
|
|meat *ʔomśV
|
|-
|
|meat, animal *cVč𝑉čV
|
|-
|
|meat, deer *sUḳV
|
|-
|
|meat, liver *mVḳV
|
|-
|
|meat, liver *mVḳV
|
|-
|
|meat, roe, intestines *ńVḳV(rV)
|
|-
|
|member of the clan *ʔarV
|
|-
|
|moisture *mVtV
|
|-
|
|moisture *mVtV
|
|-
|
|moon, heavenly body *ṭVlgV(nV)
|
|-
|
|moon, luminary *ṭVlgV(nV)
|
|-
|
|morning *ṗuKdV
|
|-
|
|morning / evening *HamV
|
|-
|
|morning ~ evening *SVKV
|
|-
|
|morning, clear sky *ŋańV
|
|-
|
|moth *kuńV
|
|-
|
|mother *ʔVjV
|
|-
|
|mother *ʔVjV
|
|-
|
|mother *ʔVmV
|
|-
|
|mother, woman *ʔVmV
|
|-
|
|mountain *balV
|
|-
|
|mountain *malV
|
|-
|
|mountain *malV
|
|-
|
|mountain *wVrV
|
|-
|
|mountain *wVrV
|
|-
|
|mountain, high *TVGV
|
|-
|
|mountain, hill *balV
|
|-
|
|mountain, hill *gʷVrV
|
|-
|
|mountain, hill *gʷVrV
|
|-
|
|mountain, top *ṗVrV
|
|-
|
|mountain, top *ṗVrV
|
|-
|
|mouse *cVḳV ( ~ *c`-)
|
|-
|
|mouse, squirrel *CVḳV (also *cwVkV ( ~ čw-))
|
|-
|
|mouse, squirrel *gʷVĺV
|
|-
|
|mouth *[s]UwV
|
|-
|
|mouth, hole *HVwV
|
|-
|
|mouth, hole *HVwV
|
|-
|
|mouth; eat *č`VmV
|
|-
|
|mouth; speak *ʔVpV
|
|-
|
|mouth; to speak *ʔVpV
|
|-
|
|mud, dung *ḳorV
|
|-
|
|mud; gum, resin *ṗoŋV
|
|-
|
|multitude; be satiated *HVwV
|
|-
|
|mushroom, fungus *pUtV
|
|-
|
|mushroom, sponge *pUtV
|
|-
|
|naked, take off clothes *luku
|
|-
|
|name *ĺVm(ŋ)V
|
|-
|
|name *ĺVm(ŋ)V
|
|-
|
|name *ṗVtV
|
|-
|
|name, call *ṗVtV
|
|-
|
|name, shape *šamV
|
|-
|
|nape, back *[s]VKV
|
|-
|
|nape, back *śVKV
|
|-
|
|nape; back *dVgV
|
|-
|
|narrow *č`VnV
|
|-
|
|narrow *ṭijV
|
|-
|
|narrow, thin *č`VnV
|
|-
|
|near *ʔVbV
|
|-
|
|neck *ḳVlV
|
|-
|
|neck, collar *kVŋkV
|
|-
|
|neck, throat *HVŋV
|
|-
|
|neck, throat *ḳVlV
|
|-
|
|neck, vertebra *nVKV
|
|-
|
|negative particle *ʔVlV
|
|-
|
|negative particle *ʔVlV
|
|-
|
|negative verb *ʔe
|
|-
|
|new *žVjŋV
|
|-
|
|new, fresh *CVrV
|
|-
|
|new, good *žVjŋV
|
|-
|
|new, young *CVrV
|
|-
|
|new, young *wVlV
|
|-
|
|night *HUdV
|
|-
|
|night *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-)
|
|-
|
|night *lVlV
|
|-
|
|night *lVlV
|
|-
|
|night, dawn *ŋańV 'morning, clear sky'
|
|-
|
|night, sleep *HUdV
|
|-
|
|night, sleep *zVNV
|
|-
|
|night, sleep *ʒ́iNV
|
|-
|
|night, sleep *ʔamV
|
|-
|
|nit *ñejV
|
|-
|
|nit, louse *sajrV
|
|-
|
|nit, louse *sajrV ( ~ *ś-)
|
|-
|
|nose *ḳVŋV
|
|-
|
|nose *ḳVŋV
|
|-
|
|nose *ne(H)wRV
|
|-
|
|nose *ŋVkCV
|
|-
|
|nose *wiKV (*ujKV)
|
|-
|
|nose *wiKV (*ujKV)
|
|-
|
|nose, nostril *CVxrV
|
|-
|
|nose, nostril *cwVxrV
|
|-
|
|not *ʔVnV
|
|-
|
|not, negative particle *ʔVnV
|
|-
|
|not, negative verb *ʔe
|
|-
|
|notch, sign *gVrVbV
|
|-
|
|now; new *nVwV
|
|-
|
|now; new *nVwV
|
|-
|
|numerous, full *tVrV
|
|-
|
|nut, fruit *ar- 'nut'
|
|-
|
|old *gwVrV
|
|-
|
|old *gwVrV
|
|-
|
|old *zVr(d)V
|
|-
|
|one *sem-
|
|-
|
|one *ʔUdV
|
|-
|
|one *ʔUdV
|
|-
|
|one *ʔVrV
|
|-
|
|one *ʔVrV
|
|-
|
|one, finger *dwV(j)ḳV
|
|-
|
|one, finger (?) *dwV(j)ḳV
|
|-
|
|one, self *ʔo(ŋ)nV
|
|-
|
|onion, odorous grass *sUŋV
|
|-
|
|open *ṗan[c]V
|
|-
|
|open space *ʔVrHV
|
|-
|
|open space *ʔVrHV
|
|-
|
|open, hole *HangV
|
|-
|
|open; hole *ʔaḳa
|
|-
|
|order, custom *nerV
|
|-
|
|original place *ni̯VnV
|
|-
|
|other *aĺV other side
|
|-
|
|other *gUjV
|
|-
|
|other *gwVjV
|
|-
|
|pain, wound *mVnḳV
|
|-
|
|painful state, grief *gilV
|
|-
|
|painful state, grief *gilV
|
|-
|
|pair, one of a pair *gagtV
|
|-
|
|palate, tongue *ŋVnV
|
|-
|
|palate, tongue *ŋVnV
|
|-
|-
|
|
Line 3,952: Line 3,952:
|-
|-
|
|
|part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) (?) part of nose
|part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) part of nose
|
|
|-
|-
Line 4,156: Line 4,156:
|-
|-
|
|
|root, bone (?) *tV(H)mV
|root, bone *tV(H)mV
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|root, bone (??) *tV(H)mV root, bone
|root, bone *tV(H)mV root, bone
|
|
|-
|-
Line 4,432: Line 4,432:
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|-
|
|
|shine, burn (several roots?) *belV
|shine, burn (several roots) *belV
|
|
|-
|-
Line 4,504: Line 4,504:
|-
|-
|
|
|sister, woman? *SäwCV
|sister, woman *SäwCV
|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|sister, woman? *SäwCV
|sister, woman *SäwCV
|
|
|-
|-
Line 5,640: Line 5,640:
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|-
|
|
|to chew *käjwV (?-b-)
|to chew *käjwV (-b-)
|
|
|-
|-
Line 6,800: Line 6,800:
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|-
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|to understand, brain (?) *ʔVŋV
|to understand, brain *ʔVŋV
|
|
|-
|-
Line 6,864: Line 6,864:
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|-
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|to weave (a lattice?) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-)
|to weave (a lattice) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-)
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|-
Line 7,136: Line 7,136:
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|-
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|walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations) *ṭVŕgV
|walk, run, road (several roots, assimilations) *ṭVŕgV
|
|
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|-
Line 7,376: Line 7,376:
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|-
|
|
|worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?)
|worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV)
|
|
|-
|-
Caesar05
174

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/372798"