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Cruckeny: Difference between revisions
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|fam2 = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]] | |fam2 = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]] | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|ancestor = [[w:Irish | |ancestor = [[w:Ulster Irish|Ulster Irish]] (c. 1600) | ||
|creator = Dillon Hartwig | |creator = Dillon Hartwig | ||
|script = Latn | |script = Latn | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia. | '''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia (primarily in Logan and Boone Counties, West Virginia). | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
''Cruckeny'' is from '' | ''Cruckeny'' is from ''Cruckenee'', from Irish ''cnoc-theanga'' "hill speech." | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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|} | |} | ||
*⟨c⟩ is instead | *⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically. | ||
*⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically | *⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically. | ||
*⟨sh⟩ is instead ⟨s⟩ before consonants. | |||
*⟨'⟩ disambiguates some mono/multigraphs. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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*/v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/. | */v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/. | ||
*Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | *Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | ||
*/t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | */t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated, except poetry and music. | ||
*/s,ʃ | */s/ is realized as [ʃ] before consonants, except across word boundaries. | ||
**[s,ʃ] are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents, including across word boundaries. | |||
*Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially. | *Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | ! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | ||
| [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ɪi || ᵿʉ | | [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ɪi || ᵿʉ || ([[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | ! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | ||
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*/ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables. | */ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables. | ||
*/ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables. | */ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables. | ||
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before /ɫ,lʲ/. | */ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before coda /ɫ,lʲ/. | ||
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | */əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | ||
**Syllabic consonants variably desyllabify prevocalically. | |||
**/ə#{j,w}/ are realized as [ɪ,ʊ], and the lost glide is re-inserted prevocalically. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Cruckeny stress is | Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs. | Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of poetry and music, where VSO also occurs. | ||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause. | Possessors and numerals strictly precede their heads. Adjectives variably follow their heads. Adverbs variably follow their clause. | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS] | *[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS] | ||
*[[Cruckeny/Swadesh]] | |||
[[Category:Cruckeny language]] | [[Category:Cruckeny language]] | ||