548
edits
Saxuma: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
(→Vowels) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
'''Saxuma''' ([sa.ɕùˈmá], also romanized '''Sasiouma''', historically known as '''Saras Wima''' [' | '''Saxuma''' ([sa.ɕùˈmá], also romanized '''Sasiouma''', historically known as '''Saras Wima''' ['sʌ.r̥as wi'ma]) is a language isolate spoken by approximately 5000 speakers on the western Mediterranean island of Sasaois. It is notable for its split ergative alignment, flexible word order, and dynamic semantic gender. | ||
Almost all residents of Sasaios speak Greek and English, but there is a strong movement to protect the cultural heritage of the language, with poetry, novels, and music produced in Saxuma, as well as dubbings of many foreign movies and television into the language. | Almost all residents of Sasaios speak Greek and English, but there is a strong movement to protect the cultural heritage of the language, with poetry, novels, and music produced in Saxuma, as well as dubbings of many foreign movies and television into the language. | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
! colspan=2 | !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! colspan=2 | !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | | ! colspan=2 | Nasals | ||
|| m || n || (ɲ) || (ŋ) || | || m || n || (ɲ) || (ŋ) || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | Plosives || Voiceless | ||
|| p || t || c || k || <nowiki> <q> </nowiki> ʔ | || p || t || c || k || <nowiki> <q> </nowiki> ʔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
|| b || d || || g || | || b || d || || g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | | ! rowspan=2 | Fricatives || Voiceless | ||
|| <ff> (ɸ) || s⁓t͡s || <x> ɕ || <h> x⁓h || <f> hʷ | || <ff> (ɸ) || s⁓t͡s || <x> ɕ || <h> x⁓h || <f> hʷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|| v⁓β || z⁓d͡z || <j> ʑ⁓d͡ʑ || colspan=2 | | || v⁓β || z⁓d͡z || <j> ʑ⁓d͡ʑ || colspan=2 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Approximant || Voiceless | ! rowspan=2 | Approximant and Trills || Voiceless | ||
|| (ʍ) || r̥ || colspan=3 | | || (ʍ) || r̥ || colspan=3 | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
|| w || l || <y> j || colspan=2 | | || w || l || <y> j || colspan=2 | | ||
|} | |} | ||
- /n/ is realized as [ɲ] when '''adjacent''' to any palatal consonant, and as [ŋ] when '''preceding''' a velar plosive. | |||
- Voiceless plosives are typically unaspirated, but are usually aspirated word-finally. | |||
- All plosives are realized as [ʔ] when immediately followed by another plosive or a nasal of the same place of articulation. | |||
- /ɸ/ appears only in loanwords, and may be instead pronounced as [hʷ] | |||
- /s/, /z/, and /ʑ/ may be realized as their associated affricates when not intervocalic, but this is not obligatory. | |||
- /hʷ/ may be realized as [ʍ] and /v/ as [β] intervocalically, but this is not obligatory. | |||
- /x/ is mostly realized as /h/ when preceding a non-front vowel. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||