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| Line 154: |
Line 154: |
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| ere & irida > -c- | | ere & irida > -c- |
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| Canon Sound Laws:
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| Laws of sound change:
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| /g/ > /z/ when next to /i/
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| Ex: gīg > zīl "giant"
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| /g/ > /Q/ when next to /u/
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| Ex:
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| /k/ > /s/ when next to /i/
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| Ex: saíkat > sesal
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| /k/ > /h/ when next to /u/
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| Ex: kun > hul "dog"
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| /t/ > /ts/ when next to /i/
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| Ex: daítas > ecal
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| /t/ > /l/ when next to /u/
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| Ex: tu > lu
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| /d/ > /ʔ/ when next to /i/
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| Ex: dîts > īl
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| /d/ > /r/ when nex to /u/
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| Ex: dûts > rūl
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| /p/ > /f/ when next to /u/
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| Ex:
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| /p/ > /n/ when next to /i/
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| Ex:
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| /b/ > /v/ when next to /u/
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| Ex: bûl > uvvūl
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| /b/ > /m/ when next to /i/
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| Ex: bîbl > mīl
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| Excrescence:
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| /l/ > /lb/ when intervocalic
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| /r/ > /rd/ when intervocalic
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| /n/ > /nd/ when intervocalic
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| /m/ > /mb/ when intervocalic
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| /h/ > /i̯a/~/i/ when intervocalic
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| /ɦ/ > /ai̯/~/u/ when intervocalic
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| Decrescence:
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| /s/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /i/)
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| /z/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /i/)
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| /ts/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /a/)
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| /ʔ/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /a/)
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| /f/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /u/)
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| /v/ > /∅/ when marginal (except when next to /u/)
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| Laws of elision:
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| Syncope: in a word with three syllables or more, the middle unstressed syllable is lost (except if its sonority value is higher than its antecedant)
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| EX: datasyú > dasyl
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| Apocape: in a word with three syllables or more, the initial unstressed syllable is lost (except if its sonority value is higher than its posterior)
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| EX: apâla > pāl
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| Aphaeresis: in a word with three syllables or more, the last unstressed syllable is lost (except if it has coda). Also, the last consonant or consonantal cluster (regardless of the number of syllables in a word) is lost.
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| EX: avâla > vāl
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| Laws of epenthesis:
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| Prothesis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is an initial consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant) is added.
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| EX: bûl (*bbûl) > uvvūl
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| Anaptyxis: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a middle consonant cluster, the vowel /a/ is added.
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| EX: 'atlya > 'atalya
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| Paragoge: in a word with two or just one syllable, if there is a final consonant cluster, a vowel (depending on the nature of the consonant).
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| EX: palk > palsil
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| Laws of equalization (used in special cases of other laws)
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| Haplology:
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| dadasa > dasa
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| Compensatory lengthening
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| bûl (*bbûl) > *uvvūl > ūvūl
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| gal (*gall) > *galla > gāla
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| Metathesis: glides only where the stress is
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| garda, gráda, gadrá
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| Final devoicing
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| dad > dat
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| Intervocalic voicing
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| ata > ada
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| /ai̯/ > /eː/
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| /i̯a/ > /e/
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| /au̯/ > /oː/
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| /u̯a/ > /o/
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| /u̯i/~/ui̯/ > /ɯ/~/yː/
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| /i̯u/~/iu̯/ > /y/~/ɯː/
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| /e/ > /i/
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| /o/ > /u/
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| sēqur
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| ===Consonants=== | | ===Consonants=== |