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| '''Nurian''' is a [[Talsmic languages|Talsmic language]] descending from Thensarian. It is spoken alongside Meetzarric languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian. | | '''Nurian''' is a [[Ramanuric languages|Ramanuric]] language (related to [[Thensarian]] and [[Ramanujan]]) spoken in [[Verse:Tricin]]. It's inspired by Italian, Pali, Arabic and Lithuanian. |
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| ==Historical phonology==
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| Cl > Cj > Cʲ (Italian style)
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| ==Numbers==
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| *1: ''cēm'' /ˈt͡ɕæːm/
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| *2: ''tiħōr'' /tʲɪˈħoːr/
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| *3: ''nargь'' /ˈnɐɹd͡ʑ/
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| *4: ''dhōfь'' /ˈðoːfʲ/
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| *5: ''saliħ'' /ˈsɐlʲɪħ/
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| *6: ''stām'' /ˈstɑːm/
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| *7: ''rōdь'' /ˈroːdʲ/
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| *8: ''loreħ'' /ˈlorʲɛħ/
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| *9: ''farvь'' /ˈfɐɹvʲ/
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| *10: ''ħiorь'' /ˈħorʲ/
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| *11: ''cēmar'' /ˈt͡ɕæːmɐr/ (< Themsarian cēmiħioré, influenced by Zutarl emarra)
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| *12: ''pirdь'' /ˈpʲɪɖ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
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| *144: ''rtarþь'' /ˈʈɐʂ/
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| *1728: ''ūbyc'' /ˈu:bɪ̞k/
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| ==Phonology==
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| Arabo-Lithuanian
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| ===Consonants===
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| As a result of a series of historical palatalizations, Nurian has many consonants in hard-soft pairs, similar to Lithuanian and Russian; however, many consonants (namely retroflexes, radicals, '''h''' and '''j''') cannot palatalize.
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
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| |-
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| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian'''
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| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2" | Labial
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| !colspan="2" | Dental
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| !colspan="2" | Alveolar
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| !rowspan="2" | Retroflex
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| !rowspan="2" | Palatal
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| !rowspan="2" | Velar
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| !rowspan="2" | Radical
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| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| ! <small>plain</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Nasal
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| | mˠ || mʲ
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| | n̪ˠ || nʲ
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| | ɳ
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| | ɲ~ɲ̄
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| | ŋ
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
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| !<small>tenuis</small>
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| | pˠ || pʲ
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| | t̪ˠ || tʲ
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| | ʈ
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| | tɕ
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| | k
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | bˠ || bʲ
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| | d̪ˠ || dʲ
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| | ɖ
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| | dʑ
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| | g
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
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| !<small>voiceless</small>
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| | fˠ || fʲ
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| | θˠ ||
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| | sˠ || sʲ
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| | ʂ
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| | ɕ
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| | x
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| | ħ
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| | h
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | ðˠ ||
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| | zˠ || zʲ
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| | ʑ
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| | ɣ
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| | ʕ
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| Trill
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| | rˠ || rʲ
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| | j
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| |-
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| !rowspan=2| Approximant
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| !<small>central</small>
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| | w ||
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| |colspan="3"| ɹ~ɻ
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| |-
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| !<small>lateral</small>
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| | ɫ ||
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| | || lʲ
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| | ɭ
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| |}
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| |+ '''Consonant alternations'''
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| |-
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| !|Grapheme
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| !''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''v''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''th''!!''dh''!!''s''!!''z''!!''r''!!''l''!!''rn''!!''rt''!!''rd''!!''rs, rth''!!''rdh''!!''rl''!!''ng''!!''c''!!''g''!!''ch''!!''gh''!!''ħ''!!''ȝ''!!''h''!!''j''
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| |-
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| !Hard
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| |/mˠ/||/pˠ/||/bˠ/||/fˠ/||/vˠ/||/nˠ/||/tˠ/||/dˠ/||/θˠ/||/ðˠ/||/sˠ/||/zˠ/||/rˠ/||/ɫ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ɳ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ʈ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ɖ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ʂ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ɻ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ɭ/
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| |/ŋ/||/k/||/ɡ/||/x/||/ɣ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ħ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ʕ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/h/
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| |rowspan="2"|''silent''
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| |-
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| !Soft
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| |/mʲ/||/pʲ/||/bʲ/||/fʲ/||/vʲ/||/nʲ/||/tʲ/||/dʲ/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/rʲ/||/lʲ/||/ɲ/||/t͡ɕ/||/d͡ʑ/||/ɕ/||/ʑ/
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| |}
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| '''r''' = /ɹ~ɻ/ before a consonant
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| Word-final soft consonants use a soft sign '''ь'''.
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| ===Vowels===
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| The spelling to the left is the "hard" vowel, and the spelling to the right indicates its "soft" counterpart. Both spellings are used after retroflexes and radicals, which cannot palatalize.
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian'''
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| |rowspan="2"| '''y, i''' /ɪ~ɪ̞/
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| | '''ȳ, ī''' /iː/
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| | '''u, iu''' /ʊ/
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| | '''ū, iū''' /uː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''o, io''' /o/
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| | '''ō, iō''' /oː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''e/ia''' [ɛ]
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| | '''ē/iā''' /æː/
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| | '''a''' /ɐ/
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| | '''ā''' /ɑː/
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| |}
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| Diphthongs: '''ai, iai''' /ɐɪ/ '''au, iau''' /ɐʊ/
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| Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
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| '''ia''' and '''e''' both represent [ɛ], the allophone of /ɐ/ after palatalized consonants.
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| ==Grammar==
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| Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.
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| ===Nouns===
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| Sgv-clv-plv system.
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| ==Dialects==
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| <poem>
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| hard <l> in Nurian in one dialect can be /w/ while soft <l> is /l/ (as in polish)
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| nurian has /ɫ/ /lʲ/ /ɭ/ but no ordinary /l/!
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| hard <l> = /l/, soft <l> = /j/ is like kashoebian
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| also considering ȝ ~ ng merger to /ŋ/ / /ɲ/
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| thus i will have /q/ > /ɲ/
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| another idea: v = /w/ / /j/
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| I should have <r> = /ɻ/ before a consonant in Standard Nurian
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| thus i'll have r-colored vowels!
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| it should be ok now that rencadian /r/ is a trill
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| that's how I could mix some English into Nurian!
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| but in a different way than how Rencadian does it
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| maybe one accent can lack retroflexes entirely and have r-colored vowels as phonemes instead!
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| another idea: soft f > palatal fricative?
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| for a dialect that does crazy things with slender consonants
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| </poem>
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| [[Category:Talsmic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-Kitelucquian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]] | |