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| '''Nurian''' (''gaħēs nūrimēs'' /ˈgɐħeːs ˈn̪ˠʊɚrʲɪmʲeːs/) is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] descending from [[Thensarian]], aesthetically inspired by Lithuanian, Russian, Italian and English. Nurian phonology and vocabulary has been signficantly influenced by [[Meetzarri]]. It is spoken alongside Meetzarric languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian. | | '''Nurian''' is a [[Ramanuric languages|Ramanuric]] language (related to [[Thensarian]] and [[Ramanujan]]) spoken in [[Verse:Tricin]]. It's inspired by Italian, Pali, Arabic and Lithuanian. |
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| ==Historical phonology==
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| *Cl > Cj > Cʲ (Italian style)
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| *C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub> > C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (similarly to Italian)
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| *mlīd - conclusion, end > mīd /mʲiːdˠ/
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| ==Numbers==
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| *1: ''cēm'' /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠ/
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| *2: ''tiħōr'' /tʲɪˈħɔɚ/
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| *3: ''nargь'' /ˈnˠɑɚd͡ʒ/
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| *4: ''dhaufь'' /ˈðˠɐʊfʲ/
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| *5: ''saliħ'' /ˈsˠɐlʲɪħ/
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| *6: ''stām'' /ˈsˠtˠɑːm/
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| *7: ''rōdь'' /ˈrˠoːdʲ/
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| *8: ''loreħ'' /ˈɫɔɚrʲəħ/
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| *9: ''farvь'' /ˈfˠɑɚɹɪ/
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| *10: ''ħiler'' /ˈħɪlʲɛɚ/ (influenced by Meetzarri ''ulyerre'')
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| *11: ''cēmara'' /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠɑɚrˠə/ (< Themsarian cēmiħioré, influenced by Zutarl ''emarra'')
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| *12: ''pidь'' /ˈpʲɪdʲ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
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| *144: ''tarþь'' /ˈtˠɑɚsʲ/
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| *1728: ''ūbyc'' /ˈuːbˠɪ̞k/
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| ==Phonology==
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| that's the jokey element in Nurian (a Russian trying to imitate Tamil and sounding English in the process)
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| ===Consonants===
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| As a result of a series of historical palatalizations, Nurian has many consonants in hard (velarized) and soft (palatalized) versions, similar to Lithuanian and Russian. Radicals and /h/ cannot palatalize - however, they color the /a/ vowel as if they were soft.
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
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| |-
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| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian'''
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| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2" | Labial
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| !colspan="2" | Dental
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| !colspan="2" | Alveolar
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| !rowspan="2" | Palatal
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| !rowspan="2" | Velar
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| !rowspan="2" | Radical
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| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! <small>vel.</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| ! <small>vel.</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| ! <small>vel.</small>
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| ! <small>pal.</small>
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| |-
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| !colspan="2"| Nasal
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| | mˠ || mʲ
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| | n̪ˠ ||
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| | || nʲ
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| | ɲ~ɲ̄
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| | ŋ
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2" | Stop
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| !<small>tenuis</small>
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| | pˠ || pʲ
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| | t̪ˠ ||
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| | || tʲ
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| | tʃ
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| | k
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | bˠ || bʲ
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| | d̪ˠ ||
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| | || dʲ
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| | dʒ
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| | g
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
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| !<small>voiceless</small>
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| | fˠ || fʲ
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| | θˠ || θʲ
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| | sˠ || sʲ
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| | ʃ
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| | x
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| | ħ
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| | h
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | ðˠ || ðʲ
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| | zˠ || zʲ
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| | ʒ
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| | ɣ
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| | ʕ
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| Trill
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| | rˠ || rʲ
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| |-
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| !rowspan=2| Approximant
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| !<small>central</small>
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| | w ||
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| | (ɹ) ||
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| | j
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| |-
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| !<small>lateral</small>
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| | ɫ ||
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| | || lʲ
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| |}
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| [ɹ] occurs in the hiatus after r-colored vowels before another vowel. | |
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| ====Palatalization====
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| Word-final soft consonants use a soft sign '''ь'''.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
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| |-
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| |+ '''Palatalization'''
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| |-
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| !|Grapheme
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| !''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''v''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''th''!!''dh''!!''s''!!''z''!!''r''!!''l''!!''ng''!!''c''!!''g''!!''ch''!!''gh''!!''ħ''!!''ȝ''!!''h''!!''j''
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| |-
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| !Hard
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| |/mˠ/||/pˠ/||/bˠ/||/fˠ/||/w/||/nˠ/||/tˠ/||/dˠ/||/θˠ/||/ðˠ/||/sˠ/||/zˠ/||/rˠ/||/ɫ/||/ŋ/||/k/||/ɡ/||/x/||/ɣ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ħ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/ʕ/
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| |rowspan="2"|/h/
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| |rowspan="2"|''silent''
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| |-
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| !Soft
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| |/mʲ/||/pʲ/||/bʲ/||/fʲ/||/j/||/nʲ/||/tʲ/||/dʲ/||/θʲ/||/ðʲ/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/rʲ/||/lʲ/||/ɲ/||/t͡ʃ/||/d͡ʒ/||/ʃ/||/ʒ/
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| |}
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| '''r''' = r-coloring before a consonant or word-finally
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| ===Vowels===
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian'''
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| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
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| ! colspan="3" style="" |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Central
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| ! colspan="3" style="" |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | /ɪ~ɪ̞/
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| | /iː/
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| | /ɪɚ/
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| | /ʊ/
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| | /uː/
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| | /ʊɚ/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| |rowspan="2"|[ɛ]
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| | /ɛɚ/
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| | [ə]
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| | /o/
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| | /oː/
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| | /ɔɚ/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | [æː]
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| | /ɐ/
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| | /ɑː/
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| | /ɑɚ/
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| |}
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| '''Diphthongs:''' /ɐɪ/ /ɐʊ/ /iə~iɛ/
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| *Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
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| *'''ia''' and '''e''' both represent [ɛ], the allophone of /ɐ/ after palatalized consonants.
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| *[ə] occurs as a reduction of /ɐ/ and /ɛ/, and also occurs after word-final geminates.
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| ===Stress===
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| Stress is phonemic in Nurian. Nurian stress can be derived by applying the following stress pattern in Thensarian and then Thensarian > Nurian sound changes:
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| *A short final vowel cannot be stressed.
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| *Only one of the last 3 syllables can be stressed.
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| *the last heavy syllable is stressed if not the final syllable; if there is a final heavy syllable, the penult is stressed.
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| *If no heavy syllables, the 3rd from last is stressed.
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| *piudiinъ - final stress;
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| *piudiin - penult stress
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| ==Grammar==
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| Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.
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| ===Nouns===
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| Sgv-clv-plv system.
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| ==Accents and dialects==
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| ===Dialect 1===
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| Polishy
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| *ci gi chi ghi = [tʂ dʐ ʂ ʐ]
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| *sci = [ʂtʂ]
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| *ti di si zi = [tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ]
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| *fi > [ç]
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| *ni ngi > [ɲ]
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| ===Dialect 2===
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| Conservative
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| *ci gi chi ghi = [kʲ gʲ xʲ ɣʲ]
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| *sci = [skʲ]
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| ===Dialect 3===
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| Proto-clicky
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| *ci gi chi ghi = [kɧ gɧ̬ ɧ ɧ̬]
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| *sci = [ɧː]
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| *velarized labials and dentals become clicks
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| ===Dialect 4===
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| Scottish Gaelic pseudo-gib
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| [[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
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