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Yassi: Difference between revisions

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Yassi (view source)

Revision as of 22:08, 18 June 2016

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name=Yassi
|name=Yassi
|nativename=''yāssǝy sor''
|nativename=''yāssǝy cor''
|states=[[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[w:People's Republic of China|China]], [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]]
|states=[[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[w:People's Republic of China|China]], [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]]
|speakers=164
|speakers=164
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|
|
|a
|a
|ɑ
|ɑ [ā]
|}
|}


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|n
|n
|
|
|ɳ
|ɳ [ṇ]
|
|
|
|
|ŋ
|ŋ [n]
|
|
|
|
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! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|p
|p
|t̪
|t̪ [t]
|
|
|style="background:#EEE8AA" |ʈ
|style="background:#EEE8AA" |ʈ [ṭ]
|
|
|
|
|k
|k
|style="background:#EEE8AA" | q
|style="background:#EEE8AA" | q
|style="background:#EEE8AA" | ʔ
|style="background:#EEE8AA" | ʔ [']
|-
|-
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|b
|b
|d̪
|d̪ [d]
|
|
|style="background:#EEE8AA" |ɖ
|style="background:#EEE8AA" |ɖ [ḍ]
|
|
|
|
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! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
|
|
|t͡s
|t͡s [c]
|
|
|
|
|t͡ʃ
|t͡ʃ [č]
|
|
|
|
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! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
|
|
|d͡z
|d͡z [j]
|
|
|
|
|d͡ʒ
|d͡ʒ [ǰ]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|s
|s
|ʂ
|ʂ [x̌]
|ʃ
|ʃ [š]
|ç
|ç [x]
|x
|x
|
|
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|
|
|z
|z
|ʐ
|ʐ [ğ]
|ʒ
|ʒ [ž]
|ʝ
|ʝ [γ]
|ɣ
|ɣ [γ]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|j
|j [y]
|w
|w
|
|
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|r
|r
|
|
| ɺ̢ 
| ɺ̢ [ṛ]
|
|
|
|
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|}
|}


The <span style="background:#EEE8AA;padding:0px 2px;">words</span> that have been borrowed and are non-native to Yassi, are colour coded. The phonemes /q/, /f/ tend to be replaced by /k/, /p/.
The <span style="background:#EEE8AA;padding:0px 2px;">consonants</span> that have been borrowed and are non-native to Yassi, are colour coded. The phonemes /q/, /f/ tend to be replaced by /k/, /p/.
== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
Yassi is a S-O-V language, though the word order is not as strict as in English . Adjectives come before nouns. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for number (sing./plur.) and case (nominative, accusative, prepositional and genitive). There is no gender distinction.   
Yassi is a S-O-V language, though the word order is not as strict as in English . Adjectives come before nouns. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for number (sing./plur.) and case (nominative, accusative, prepositional and genitive). There is no gender distinction.   
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==== Present indicative ====
==== Present indicative ====
* infinitive (identical to second person singular imperative): '''kaš'''
* infinitive (identical to second person singular imperative): '''kac'''
* first person singular: '''kšam'''
* first person singular: '''kcam'''
* second person singular: '''kšal'''
* second person singular: '''kcal'''
* third person singular: '''kše'''
* third person singular: '''kce'''
* first person plural: '''kšamǝl'''
* first person plural: '''kcamǝl'''
* second person plural: '''kšalǝl'''
* second person plural: '''kcalǝl'''
* third person plural: '''kšel'''
* third person plural: '''kcel'''


== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
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*kǝbo: cotton (< PYassi *kapāsa, cf. Burushaski γupas, Vedic karpāsa)
*kǝbo: cotton (< PYassi *kapāsa, cf. Burushaski γupas, Vedic karpāsa)
*pya: pear (< PYassi *pisā, cf. Burushaski pheṣo)
*pya: pear (< PYassi *pisā, cf. Burushaski pheṣo)
*šun: blind (< PYassi *čāna, cf. Burushaski śon, Vedic kāṇa)
*cun: blind (< PYassi *čāna, cf. Burushaski śon, Vedic kāṇa)
*Yin: a thorp at the well of the Yas River (< PYassi *sina, cf. PYeniseian *siɁn ‘well, spring’)
*Yin: a thorp at the well of the Yas River (< PYassi *sina, cf. PYeniseian *siɁn ‘well, spring’)
As more and more researchers think that Burushaski and Yeniseian idioms are genetically related, the last example could prove that (Para-?)Proto-Burushaski still used a cognate to Proto-Yeniseian *siɁn.
As more and more researchers think that Burushaski and Yeniseian idioms are genetically related, the last example could prove that (Para-?)Proto-Burushaski still used a cognate to Proto-Yeniseian *siɁn.
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! Numeral !! Inherited <br/> Yassi !! Loan from <br/> Proto-Iranian  
! Numeral !! Inherited <br/> Yassi !! Loan from <br/> Proto-Iranian  
|-
|-
| one || ǝš ||
| one || ǝc ||
|-
|-
| two || kaš ||
| two || kac ||
|-
|-
| three || naš ||
| three || nac ||
|-
|-
| four || per ||
| four || per ||
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| seven || nkorǝ, nkor || ow
| seven || nkorǝ, nkor || ow
|-
|-
| eight || kšorǝy || at
| eight || kcorǝy || at
|-
|-
| nine || šowr, šwor || nǝ
| nine || cowr, cwor || nǝ
|-
|-
| ten || kǝšwit || las
| ten || kǝcwit || las
|-
|-
| eleven || ||
| eleven || ||
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| thirteen ||  ||
| thirteen ||  ||
|-
|-
| twenty || ||
| twenty || || wišt
|-
|-
| thirty ||  ||
| thirty ||  ||
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| 'fathom'
| 'fathom'
! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | '''[[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/süle|*süli]]'''
! style="background-color: #E0E0FF" | '''[[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/süle|*süli]]'''
| –
| ər
| syli<br/>(syle-) || süli<br/>(süle-) || –
| syli<br/>(syle-) || süli<br/>(süle-) || –
| sïlle<br/>{{IPA|[sʲɨllə]}} || salla || sē̮ll
| sïlle<br/>{{IPA|[sʲɨllə]}} || salla || sē̮ll
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== Phrases ==
== Phrases ==
* How are you? '''Tə kal ral?'''
* How are you? '''Tə kal ral?'''
* I am fine. '''Mə šuk ram.'''
* I am fine. '''Mə cuk ram.'''
* What is your name? '''Tənəy ləm ma re?'''
* My name is Tərgam [male name]. '''Mənəy ləm Tərgam re.'''
* My name is Tərgam [male name]. '''Mənəy ləm Tərgam re.'''
 
* How old are you? '''Maləy purcorəy ral?'''
* I am twenty four years old. '''Perwištəy purcorəy ram.''''
[[Category:Uralic languages]]
[[Category:Uralic languages]]
Ciray Khan
46

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