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Bpnjohnson (talk | contribs) m (→Adpositions) |
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|-! C#- !! [i]#- !! [a,ǫ]#- !! [o,u]#- !! Example !! Case !! Eng. !! Ger. !! Lat. !! Esp. !! Notes | |-! C#- !! [i]#- !! [a,ǫ]#- !! [o,u]#- !! Example !! Case !! Eng. !! Ger. !! Lat. !! Esp. !! Notes | ||
|-| '''''-''''' || '''''-i#- ''''' || '''''-a#-''''' || '''''-o#- ''''' || ''ek klag gnir.''<brThe book is green.' || Nominative || - || (''Nom.'') || (''Nom.'') || - || Subject. | |- | ||
|-| '''''a''''' || '''''-i#ȧ ''''' || '''''-a#ha''''' || '''''-o#ȧ ''''' || ''dydkulóm jǫg klág'''a'''.''<br>'I saw '''the book'''.' || Accusative || - || (''Acc.'') || (''Acc.'') || -n || Direct object. | | '''''-''''' || '''''-i#- ''''' || '''''-a#-''''' || '''''-o#- ''''' || ''ek klag gnir.''<brThe book is green.' || Nominative || - || (''Nom.'') || (''Nom.'') || - || Subject. | ||
|-| '''''að''''' || '''''-i#ȧð ''''' || '''''-a#hað''''' || '''''-o#ȧð ''''' || 'to the book' || Dative || to || zu (+ ''Dat.'') || ad || al || Indirect object. | |- | ||
|-| '''''ai''''' || '''''-i#ȧi ''''' || '''''-a#hai''''' || '''''-o#ȧi ''''' || 'through (the middle of) the book' || Perlative || through || durch (+ ''Acc.'') || per || || | | '''''a''''' || '''''-i#ȧ ''''' || '''''-a#ha''''' || '''''-o#ȧ ''''' || ''dydkulóm jǫg klág'''a'''.''<br>'I saw '''the book'''.' || Accusative || - || (''Acc.'') || (''Acc.'') || -n || Direct object. | ||
|-| '''''aj''''' || '''''-i#ȧj ''''' || '''''-a#haj''''' || '''''-o#ȧj ''''' || 'during/throughout the book' || Temporal Durative || during || während (+ ''Gen.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ala''''' || '''''-i#ȧla ''''' || '''''-a#hala''''' || '''''-o#ȧla ''''' || 'between the books' || Intrative || between, among || zwischen, unter (+ ''Dat.'') || inter || || Automatically implies plural. | | '''''að''''' || '''''-i#ȧð ''''' || '''''-a#hað''''' || '''''-o#ȧð ''''' || 'to the book' || Dative || to || zu (+ ''Dat.'') || ad || al || Indirect object. | ||
|-| '''''alm''''' || '''''-i#ȧlm ''''' || '''''-a#halm''''' || '''''-o#ȧlm ''''' || 'without the book' || Abesso-caritive || without || ohne (+ ''Acc.'') || sine || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''alx''''' || '''''-i#ȧlx ''''' || '''''-a#halx''''' || '''''-o#ȧlx ''''' || 'on (the side of) the book' || Adessive || on || an (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | | '''''ai''''' || '''''-i#ȧi ''''' || '''''-a#hai''''' || '''''-o#ȧi ''''' || 'through (the middle of) the book' || Perlative || through || durch (+ ''Acc.'') || per || || | ||
|-| '''''ap''''' || '''''-i#ȧp ''''' || '''''-a#hap''''' || '''''-o#ȧp ''''' || 'on (top of) the book' || Superessive || on || auf (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''arak''''' || '''''-i#ȧrak ''''' || '''''-a#harak''''' || '''''-o#ȧrak''''' || '(leaning) against the book' || Revertive || against || gegen (+ ''Acc.'') || versus || || | | '''''aj''''' || '''''-i#ȧj ''''' || '''''-a#haj''''' || '''''-o#ȧj ''''' || 'during/throughout the book' || Temporal Durative || during || während (+ ''Gen.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''av''''' || '''''-i#ȧv ''''' || '''''-a#hav''''' || '''''-o#ȧv ''''' || 'after the book' || Postessive || following || folgend, zunächst || post || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''eð''''' || '''''-i#ëð ''''' || '''''-a#heð''''' || '''''-o#ëð ''''' || 'around the book' || Circumessive || around || um (+ ''Acc.'') || circum || || | | '''''ala''''' || '''''-i#ȧla ''''' || '''''-a#hala''''' || '''''-o#ȧla ''''' || 'between the books' || Intrative || between, among || zwischen, unter (+ ''Dat.'') || inter || || Automatically implies plural. | ||
|-| '''''eki''''' || '''''-i#ëki ''''' || '''''-a#heki''''' || '''''-o#ëki ''''' || 'up to/until the book' || Allato-terminative || until || bis (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''eloï''''' || '''''-i#ëloï ''''' || '''''-a#heloï''''' || '''''-o#ëloï''''' || 'about/concerning the book' || || about || über (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | | '''''alm''''' || '''''-i#ȧlm ''''' || '''''-a#halm''''' || '''''-o#ȧlm ''''' || 'without the book' || Abesso-caritive || without || ohne (+ ''Acc.'') || sine || || | ||
|-| '''''em''''' || '''''-i#ëm ''''' || '''''-a#hem''''' || '''''-o#ëm ''''' || 'over/above the book' || || over || über (+ ''Dat.'') || supra || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ei''''' || '''''-i#ëi ''''' || '''''-a#hei''''' || '''''-o#ëi ''''' || 'in the book' || Inessive || in || in (+ ''Dat.'') || in(tra) || || | | '''''alx''''' || '''''-i#ȧlx ''''' || '''''-a#halx''''' || '''''-o#ȧlx ''''' || 'on (the side of) the book' || Adessive || on || an (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''fra''''' || '''''-i#fra ''''' || '''''-a#fra''''' || '''''-o#fra ''''' || 'with books' (as in 'strewn') || || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''i''''' || '''''-i#hi ''''' || '''''-a#hi''''' || '''''-o#ï ''''' || 'for the book' || Benefactive || for || für (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | | '''''ap''''' || '''''-i#ȧp ''''' || '''''-a#hap''''' || '''''-o#ȧp ''''' || 'on (top of) the book' || Superessive || on || auf (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''ið''''' || '''''-i#hið ''''' || '''''-a#hið''''' || '''''-o#ïð ''''' || 'before/prior to the book' || Temporal || before || bevor (+ ''Dat.'') || ante || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ij''''' || '''''-i#hij ''''' || '''''-a#hij''''' || '''''-o#ïj ''''' || 'after the books' || Temporal || after, according to || nach (+ ''Dat.'') || secundum || post || | | '''''arak''''' || '''''-i#ȧrak ''''' || '''''-a#harak''''' || '''''-o#ȧrak''''' || '(leaning) against the book' || Revertive || against || gegen (+ ''Acc.'') || versus || || | ||
|-| '''''ili''''' || '''''-i#hili ''''' || '''''-a#hili''''' || '''''-o#ïli''''' || 'next to/beside/near the book' || Apudessive || next to || neben (+ ''Dat.'') || prope || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''im''''' || '''''-i#him ''''' || '''''-a#him''''' || '''''-o#ïm ''''' || 'along(side) the books' || Vialis || along || (''Dat.''+) entlang || || || | | '''''av''''' || '''''-i#ȧv ''''' || '''''-a#hav''''' || '''''-o#ȧv ''''' || 'after the book' || Postessive || following || folgend, zunächst || post || || | ||
|-| '''''is''''' || '''''-i#his ''''' || '''''-a#his''''' || '''''-o#ïs ''''' || 'instead of the book' || Excambiative || instead of || statt (+ ''Gen.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''it''''' || '''''-i#hit ''''' || '''''-a#hit''''' || '''''-o#ït ''''' || 'behind the book' || || behind || hinter (+ ''Dat.'') || pone, post || || | | '''''eð''''' || '''''-i#ëð ''''' || '''''-a#heð''''' || '''''-o#ëð ''''' || 'around the book' || Circumessive || around || um (+ ''Acc.'') || circum || || | ||
|-| '''''iþ''''' || '''''-i#hiþ ''''' || '''''-a#hiþ''''' || '''''-o#ïþ ''''' || 'under the book' || Subessive || under || unter (+ ''Dat.'') || subter || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''lef''''' || '''''-i#lef ''''' || '''''-a#lef''''' || '''''-o#lef ''''' || 'like the books' || Comparative || like || wie (+ ''Nom.'') || || || | | '''''eki''''' || '''''-i#ëki ''''' || '''''-a#heki''''' || '''''-o#ëki ''''' || 'up to/until the book' || Allato-terminative || until || bis (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''ʌ''''' || '''''-i#l ''''' || '''''-a#l''''' || '''''-o#l ''''' || 'by the book' || Agentive || by || von (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ʌk''''' || '''''-i#lk ''''' || '''''-a#lk''''' || '''''-o#lk ''''' || 'by means of the book' || Instrumental || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || cum || || | | '''''eloï''''' || '''''-i#ëloï ''''' || '''''-a#heloï''''' || '''''-o#ëloï''''' || 'about/concerning the book' || || about || über (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''o''''' || '''''-i#ȯ ''''' || '''''-a#ho''''' || '''''-o#hȯ ''''' || 'from the book' || Delative || from || von (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''oc''''' || '''''-i#ȯc ''''' || '''''-a#hoc''''' || '''''-o#hȯc ''''' || 'at the time of the book' || Temporal || at the time of || an (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | | '''''em''''' || '''''-i#ëm ''''' || '''''-a#hem''''' || '''''-o#ëm ''''' || 'over/above the book' || || over || über (+ ''Dat.'') || supra || || | ||
|-| '''''ok''''' || '''''-i#ȯk ''''' || '''''-a#hok''''' || '''''-o#hȯk ''''' || 'with the book' || Commitative || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || simul || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ol''''' || '''''-i#ȯl ''''' || '''''-a#hol''''' || '''''-o#hȯl ''''' || 'except for the book' || Exclusive || except for || außer (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | | '''''ei''''' || '''''-i#ëi ''''' || '''''-a#hei''''' || '''''-o#ëi ''''' || 'in the book' || Inessive || in || in (+ ''Dat.'') || in(tra) || || | ||
|-| '''''om''''' || '''''-i#ȯm ''''' || '''''-a#hom''''' || '''''-o#hȯm ''''' || 'in front of the book' || || in front of || vor (+ ''Dat.'') || prae || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ǫg''''' || '''''-i#ǫ̇g ''''' || '''''-a#hǫg''''' || '''''-o#hǫ̇g ''''' || 'anti-book' || Contrative || against, anti || wider (+ ''Acc.''), -feindlich || contra || || | | '''''fra''''' || '''''-i#fra ''''' || '''''-a#fra''''' || '''''-o#fra ''''' || 'with books' (as in 'strewn') || || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''ʀ''''' || '''''-i#hʀ ''''' || '''''-a#hʀ''''' || '''''-o#hʀ ''''' || 'pro-book' || || for, pro || pro- (+ ''Acc.''), -freundlich || pro || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''ul''''' || '''''-i#u̇l ''''' || '''''-a#hul''''' || '''''-o#u̇l ''''' || '(made) of books' || Exessive || made from || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex || || | | '''''i''''' || '''''-i#hi ''''' || '''''-a#hi''''' || '''''-o#ï ''''' || 'for the book' || Benefactive || for || für (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | ||
|-| '''''ut''''' || '''''-i#u̇t ''''' || '''''-a#hut''''' || '''''-o#u̇t ''''' || 'out of the book' || Elative || out of || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex || || | |- | ||
|-| '''''vul''''' || '''''-i#vul ''''' || '''''-a#vul''''' || '''''-o#vul ''''' || 'because of the book' || Causal || because of || wegen (+ ''Gen.'') || propter || || | | '''''ið''''' || '''''-i#hið ''''' || '''''-a#hið''''' || '''''-o#ïð ''''' || 'before/prior to the book' || Temporal || before || bevor (+ ''Dat.'') || ante || || | ||
|-| '''''u''''' || '''''u#ï-''''' || '''''u#ȧ-''''' || '''''u#ȯ- ''''' || '-’s book, the book belonging to' || Possessed || ’s, of || (''Gen.''), von || (''Gen.'') || || | |- | ||
| '''''ij''''' || '''''-i#hij ''''' || '''''-a#hij''''' || '''''-o#ïj ''''' || 'after the books' || Temporal || after, according to || nach (+ ''Dat.'') || secundum || post || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ili''''' || '''''-i#hili ''''' || '''''-a#hili''''' || '''''-o#ïli''''' || 'next to/beside/near the book' || Apudessive || next to || neben (+ ''Dat.'') || prope || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''im''''' || '''''-i#him ''''' || '''''-a#him''''' || '''''-o#ïm ''''' || 'along(side) the books' || Vialis || along || (''Dat.''+) entlang || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''is''''' || '''''-i#his ''''' || '''''-a#his''''' || '''''-o#ïs ''''' || 'instead of the book' || Excambiative || instead of || statt (+ ''Gen.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''it''''' || '''''-i#hit ''''' || '''''-a#hit''''' || '''''-o#ït ''''' || 'behind the book' || || behind || hinter (+ ''Dat.'') || pone, post || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''iþ''''' || '''''-i#hiþ ''''' || '''''-a#hiþ''''' || '''''-o#ïþ ''''' || 'under the book' || Subessive || under || unter (+ ''Dat.'') || subter || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''lef''''' || '''''-i#lef ''''' || '''''-a#lef''''' || '''''-o#lef ''''' || 'like the books' || Comparative || like || wie (+ ''Nom.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ʌ''''' || '''''-i#l ''''' || '''''-a#l''''' || '''''-o#l ''''' || 'by the book' || Agentive || by || von (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ʌk''''' || '''''-i#lk ''''' || '''''-a#lk''''' || '''''-o#lk ''''' || 'by means of the book' || Instrumental || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || cum || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''o''''' || '''''-i#ȯ ''''' || '''''-a#ho''''' || '''''-o#hȯ ''''' || 'from the book' || Delative || from || von (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''oc''''' || '''''-i#ȯc ''''' || '''''-a#hoc''''' || '''''-o#hȯc ''''' || 'at the time of the book' || Temporal || at the time of || an (+ ''Acc.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ok''''' || '''''-i#ȯk ''''' || '''''-a#hok''''' || '''''-o#hȯk ''''' || 'with the book' || Commitative || with || mit (+ ''Dat.'') || simul || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ol''''' || '''''-i#ȯl ''''' || '''''-a#hol''''' || '''''-o#hȯl ''''' || 'except for the book' || Exclusive || except for || außer (+ ''Dat.'') || || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''om''''' || '''''-i#ȯm ''''' || '''''-a#hom''''' || '''''-o#hȯm ''''' || 'in front of the book' || || in front of || vor (+ ''Dat.'') || prae || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ǫg''''' || '''''-i#ǫ̇g ''''' || '''''-a#hǫg''''' || '''''-o#hǫ̇g ''''' || 'anti-book' || Contrative || against, anti || wider (+ ''Acc.''), -feindlich || contra || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ʀ''''' || '''''-i#hʀ ''''' || '''''-a#hʀ''''' || '''''-o#hʀ ''''' || 'pro-book' || || for, pro || pro- (+ ''Acc.''), -freundlich || pro || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ul''''' || '''''-i#u̇l ''''' || '''''-a#hul''''' || '''''-o#u̇l ''''' || '(made) of books' || Exessive || made from || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''ut''''' || '''''-i#u̇t ''''' || '''''-a#hut''''' || '''''-o#u̇t ''''' || 'out of the book' || Elative || out of || aus (+ ''Dat.'') || ex || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''vul''''' || '''''-i#vul ''''' || '''''-a#vul''''' || '''''-o#vul ''''' || 'because of the book' || Causal || because of || wegen (+ ''Gen.'') || propter || || | |||
|- | |||
| '''''u''''' || '''''u#ï-''''' || '''''u#ȧ-''''' || '''''u#ȯ- ''''' || '-’s book, the book belonging to' || Possessed || ’s, of || (''Gen.''), von || (''Gen.'') || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |