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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Proto-Germanic to East Germanic (ca. 400b.c.-0)==
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| ===First Umlaut===
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| ''Has to precede Mora Loss''
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| ''Has to precede ŋ-deletion''
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| '''Stage 1.'''
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| <big>
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| e > i / V[+str] … __[-str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
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| </big>
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| ''/e/ > /i/ when unstressed following a stressed vowel except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.''
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| '''Stage 2.'''
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| <big>
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| e > i / __[+str] ! {r,h⁽ʷ⁾,+
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| </big>
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| ''/e/ > /i/ when stressed except before /r/, /h/, /hʷ/, or a morpheme boundary.''
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| (Stage 3: See EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut.)
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| ===/ŋ/-Deletion===
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| '''Vŋh > V[+lng, +nas]Øh'''
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| ''A vowel, followed by the sequence /ŋh/ (where /h/=[h,x]), becomes long and nasal and /ŋ/ is deleted (in all environments).''
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| ===Intervocalic Spirantization===
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| <big>
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| C[+vce,-cnt] > [+cnt] / V__V
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| </big>
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| In other words,
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| <big>
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| b,d,g > β,ð,γ / V__V
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| </big>
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| ''A voiced non-continuant consonant (i.e. a voiced stop) becomes continuant (i.e. a fricative) when intervocalic.''
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| ===EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut===
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| ''This rule is really "Stage 3" of First Umlaut, also called East Germanic Expansion of First Umlaut''
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| <big>
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| i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾
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| </big>
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| ''/i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/''
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| ===Monophthongization of Unstressed /ai, au/===
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| ''Has to precede Mora Loss''
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| <big>
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| ai,au > ɛ̄,ɔ̄ / σ[-str]__[-str]C<sub>o</sub>#
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| </big>
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| ===Mora Loss===
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| ====Coronal Consonant Deletion====
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| ====Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion====
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| ====Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening====
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)==
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| [these changes still need to be ordered correctly]
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| ===z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing===
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| ===h-Deletion===
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| ===Long Vowel Lowering===
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| ===Glide Gemination (EGmc Verschärfung Stage I)===
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| ===Glide Insertion===
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| ===m-Assimilation===
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| ===Change of Initial fl to þl===
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| ===r,n-Dissimilation===
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| ===Change of am to um, Post-tonic e to a===
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| ===Thurneysen's Law===
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| ===EGmc Verschärfung Stage II===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Gothic to Old Gutish (ca. 400-800a.d.)==
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| ===Expansion of Gothic Glide Insertion===
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| ===Obstruent Devoicing (Persistent)===
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| ===Geminate Simplification (Type I, Persistent)===
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| ===Intervocalic Voiced Stop to Fricative Expansion===
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| ===Stop Insertion after Nasals===
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| ===Expansion of East Germanic /fl/-to-/θl/===
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| ===Voicing and Devoicing of Obstruent Clusters===
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| ===Clitic Separation===
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| ===Geminate Simplification (Type II, Synchronic)===
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| ===Short Vowel Lengthening===
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| ===Expansion of East Germanic Verschärfung===
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| ===Long Diphthong Extension===
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| ===Glide Deletion===
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| ===Deletion of Final Unstressed /a/===
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| ===Diphthong Changes===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Old to Middle Gutish (ca. 800-1200a.d.)==
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| ===Rejection of Greek Fricatives===
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| ===Rhotacism===
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| ===Stressed Long Vowel Raising===
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| ===Vowel Tensing===
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| ===Deletion and Assimilation of /h/===
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| ===Palatalisation & Affrication===
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| ===Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion===
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| ==Historical Sound Changes from Middle to Classical Gutish (ca. 1200-1600a.d.)==
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| ===Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion===
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| ===Unpacking===
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| ===Deletion of /b,f/===
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| ===Deletion of /g/ between Nasals===
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