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''' | '''Hapát Maihivu''' ('our language') is a [[Verse:Tricin/Chunda Capeto|Capetan]] language intended to have a Sami, Latin, and Arabic aesthetic. | ||
TODO: use a more Sami aesthetic | |||
Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː | Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k s v l r j h/ {{angbr|'''m n ŋ p t k s v l r y h'''}} | ||
Vowels: /a i u aː iː uː/ {{angbr|'''a i u á í ú'''}} | |||
Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}} | Allowed geminates: /mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr/ {{angbr|'''mm nn pp tt kk ss ll rr'''}} | ||
Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt | Allowed clusters: /mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv nj ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv lj rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv rj hj hv ht/ {{angbr|'''mp mpp nt ntt ŋk ŋkk ns nv ny ps ts ks lp lpp lt ltt lk lkk ls lm ln lv ly rp rpp rt rtt rk rkk rs rm rn rv ry hy hv ht'''}} | ||
1: már | 1: már | ||
2: allu | 2: allu | ||
3: | 3: arvu | ||
4: | 4: issi | ||
5: | 5: úpa | ||
6: | 6: viníri | ||
7: | 7: miŋku | ||
8: | 8: tahúsa | ||
9: | 9: hilkámu | ||
10: | 10: altuvatut | ||
11: | 11: mártuvatut | ||
12: | 12: tuva | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
! | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |Plosive | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''k''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |Fricative | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! |Approximant | |||
| '''v''' /ʋ/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |Trill | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''Vowel phonemes''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style=""| | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Front | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Central | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Back | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''í''' /iː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''u''' /u/ | |||
| '''ú''' /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /a/ | |||
| '''á''' /aː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Gradation=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
!Strong grade | |||
|''p''||''t''||''k''||''CC''||''nCC''||''lCC''||''rCC''||''mp''||''nt''||''ŋk''||''lp''||''lt''||''lk''||''rp''||''rt''||''rk'' | |||
|- | |||
!Weak grade | |||
|''v''||''l''||''Ø''||''C''||''nC''||''lC''||''rC''||''mm''||''nn''||''ŋŋ''||''lv''||''ll''||''ly''||''rv''||''rr''||''ry'' | |||
|} | |||
==Morphology== | |||
Below, [S] = strong-grade stem, [W] = weak-grade stem. | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human | |||
|- | |||
! !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|Absolutive | |||
|''[S]''||''[W]-nna'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ergative | |||
|''[S]-a''||''[W]-ntá'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Genitive | |||
|''[S]-at''||''[W]-ntát'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Dative | |||
|''[S]-r''||''[W]-ntar'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Adessive | |||
|''[W]-tur''||''[W]-nnatur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ablative | |||
|''[W]-tut''||''[W]-nnatut'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Inessive | |||
|''[W]-mur''||''[W]-nnamur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Elative | |||
|''[W]-mut''||''[W]-nnamut'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 440px; text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3"| ''luki, luinna'' - human | |||
|- | |||
! !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|Absolutive | |||
|''luki''||''luinna'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ergative | |||
|''lukia''||''luintá'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Genitive | |||
|''lukiat''||''luintát'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Dative | |||
|''lukir''||''luintar'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Adessive | |||
|''luitur''||''luinnatur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ablative | |||
|''luitut''||''luinnatut'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Inessive | |||
|''luimur''||''luinnamur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Elative | |||
|''luimut''||''luinnamut'' | |||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
nuntakan, nuntaki, nuntat, nuntakapak, nuntakka, nuntakat, nuntakur | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Present tense suffixes | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 50px; "| | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|1 | |||
|[S] + ''-:n'' | |||
|[S] + ''-:va'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2 | |||
|[S] + ''-:i'' (''*-íi'' > ''-í'') | |||
|[S] + ''-:ka'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3 | |||
|[W] + ''-t'' | |||
|[W] + ''-at'' | |||
|- | |||
!|impersonal | |||
|colspan="2"|[S] + ''-:r'' | |||
|} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''nuntana'' 'to protect' | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 50px; "| | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|1 | |||
|''nuntán'' | |||
|''nuntáva'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2 | |||
|''nuntái'' | |||
|''nuntáka'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3 | |||
|''nunnat'' | |||
|''nunnát'' | |||
|- | |||
!|impersonal | |||
|colspan="2"|''nuntár'' | |||
|} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ ''sákkina'' 'to love' | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 50px; "| | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Singular | |||
!style="width: 100px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|1 | |||
|''sákkín'' | |||
|''sákkíva'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2 | |||
|''sákkí'' | |||
|''sákkíka'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3 | |||
|''sákit'' | |||
|''sákiat'' | |||
|- | |||
!|impersonal | |||
|colspan="2"|''sákkír'' | |||
|} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
Nouns from verbs: ''-vu'' | |||
===Pronouns=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Declension of personal pronouns | |||
! !! 1sg !! 2sg || 1pl || 2pl | |||
|- | |||
!|Absolutive | |||
|''án'' || ''hí'' || ''hapa'' || ''hakki'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ergative | |||
|''anna'' || ''unna'' || ''hapá'' || ''hakkia'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Genitive | |||
|''anat'' || ''unat'' || ''hapát'' || ''hakkiat'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Adessive | |||
|''antur'' || ''untur'' || ''havatur'' || ''hakitur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Ablative | |||
|''antut'' || ''untut'' || ''havatut'' || ''hakitut'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Inessive | |||
|''ammur'' || ''ummur'' || ''havamur'' || ''hakimur'' | |||
|- | |||
!|Elative | |||
|''ammut'' || ''ummut'' || ''havamut'' || ''hakimut'' | |||
|} | |||
3rd person/demonstratives? | |||
==Syntax== | |||
Times New Roman is consistently head-final. | |||
:''''' | :'''''Sákivuat si kirvavuat urkka maihín.'' | ||
:'' | :''I speak of love and hate.'' | ||
:''''' | :'''''Antur pihtar yanakúi?''''' | ||
:'' | :''Are you saving it for me?'' | ||
[[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]] | [[Category:Times New Roman]][[Category:Hussmauch]][[Category:Languages]] |
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