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Rówok: Difference between revisions
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====Partitive==== | ====Partitive==== | ||
====Benefactive==== | ====Benefactive==== | ||
The benefactive case has the ending '''-prX''' or '''-pXr''', which [[#Ratio casuum|comes from]] the root '''nkw''', "destination". | |||
It is used in the following ways: | |||
*As the indirect object of a transitive verb, much like a normal Indo-European dative | |||
*As a pure benefactive, "on whose behalf" or even "in whose honor" | |||
*As the object of [[#Verbs of motion|approprinquative motion]], in the sense of "toward" or "in the general direction of" | |||
*As the "object" of some otherwise intransitive, e.g. '''dayma''', "to shine", so whatever the light '''shines on''' | |||
====Telic==== | ====Telic==== | ||
:For more info see [[#Telicity|telicity]] and [[#Voice|voice]]. | :For more info see [[#Telicity|telicity]] and [[#Voice|voice]]. | ||
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*As the subject of an active transitive verb used in the sense of completed action | *As the subject of an active transitive verb used in the sense of completed action | ||
*As the subject of a middle transitive verb in which the subject or subjects are the patient of the action, even if they are also the agent(s) | *As the subject of a middle transitive verb in which the subject or subjects are the patient of the action, even if they are also the agent(s) | ||
*As a reached destination with verbs of motion, or the intended goal of a verb of motion. | *As a reached destination with [[#Verbs of motion|verbs of motion]], or the intended goal of a verb of motion. | ||
====Locatives==== | ====Locatives==== | ||
The ending for the locative is '''-bi''', but, like the [[#Instrumental/comitative|instrumental]], the locative features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the unvoiced version '''-pi''' carries the basic semantic of '''on''' or '''at''', while the voiced variant '''-bi''' has the semantic '''in''' or '''between'''. The meanings, when needed, are | The ending for the locative is '''-bi''', but, like the [[#Instrumental/comitative|instrumental]], the locative features a semantic allophonic variant. Namely the unvoiced version '''-pi''' carries the basic semantic of '''on''' or '''at''', while the voiced variant '''-bi''' has the semantic '''in''' or '''between'''. The meanings, when needed, are complemented by certain [[#Postpositions|postpositions]]. | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||