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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
→Applicative Voice
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===Applicative Voice=== | ===Applicative Voice=== | ||
To topicalise a noun in a postpositional phrase, Kämpya uses applicative constructions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice]. These are formed by first shifting the noun in the absolutive case to the | To topicalise a noun in a postpositional phrase, Kämpya uses applicative constructions [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative_voice]. These are formed by first shifting the noun in the absolutive case to the postpositonal object "slot" in the sentence (and marking it with the dative clitic /=gó/). In turn, the noun that the postposition was attached to goes into the absolutive case (and changes to Tone Class 1), and the postposition is placed after the verb as a clitic e.g. from the sentence: | ||
/ˈdô̰k=zù pʰò̤wé=ká ˈbíʔ ˈlḭ̂zàd/ | /ˈdô̰k=zù pʰò̤wé=ká ˈbíʔ ˈlḭ̂zàd/ | ||
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we can apply an applicative transformation to get: | we can apply an applicative transformation to get: | ||
/pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù | /pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù lḭ̀zád=góˈbíʔ=kà/ | ||
forest dog=ERG bite=LOC | forest dog=ERG lizard=DAT bite=LOC | ||
In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | ||
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becomes the following: | becomes the following: | ||
/ˈbwḛ̂lì déˈpáʔɾ=hwàm | /ˈbwḛ̂lì ˈè̤ném=gó déˈpáʔɾ=hwàm/ | ||
valley depart=from | valley enemy=DAT depart=from | ||
From the valley, the enemy departed. | From the valley, the enemy departed. | ||
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becomes | becomes | ||
/bâṵn ˈsʰíʔtà=zù | /bâṵn ˈsʰíʔtà=zù dò̰k=góˈgḭ̂p=tá/ | ||
bone guardian=ERG give=SEC | bone guardian=ERG dog=DAT give=SEC | ||
The bone was given to the dog by the guardian. | The bone was given to the dog by the guardian. | ||
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we get | we get | ||
/pʰò̤wè té=ˈbíʔ=kà | /pʰò̤wè dò̰k=gó té=ˈbíʔ=kà/ | ||
forest 2PS.ACC=bite=LOC | forest dog=DAT 2PS.ACC=bite=LOC | ||
In the forest, the dog bit you. | In the forest, the dog bit you. | ||
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This is clearly a cliticisation process, since adverbs can come before the particle but after the verb e.g. | This is clearly a cliticisation process, since adverbs can come before the particle but after the verb e.g. | ||
/pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù bíʔ ˈˈjě̤tài=kà | /pʰò̤wè ˈdô̰k=zù lḭ̀zád=gó bíʔ ˈˈjě̤tài=kà/ | ||
forest dog=ERG bite yesterday.ADV=LOC | forest dog=ERG lizard=DAT bite yesterday.ADV=LOC | ||
In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | ||