409
edits
Kunesian: Difference between revisions
→Verbs
Dē Graut Bʉr (talk | contribs) m (→Pronouns) |
Dē Graut Bʉr (talk | contribs) (→Verbs) |
||
| Line 243: | Line 243: | ||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
The verbal complex consists of at least one verb and a number of particles which indicate tense, aspect, mood, evidentiality and the speaker's opinion. The general formula for the verb complex is: | |||
* Evidentiality | |||
* Tense/aspect I | |||
* Verb root(s) | |||
* Tense/aspect II | |||
* Mood | |||
* Speaker's opinion | |||
===Evidentiality=== | |||
There are three evidential particles: ''akai'' (inferential), ''namai'' (belief; the word is identical to the word for "think") and ''palai'' (hearsay). | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Ku naik jêtte mapot era. Te <font color="green">akai</font> ne saiku ku. | |||
| IPA = /kɯ́ nɯ́k ɟ͡ʝèt͡ɕe mápɐt ǽɾɐ. t͡ɕé ákɨ ɲé sɔ́ɨ̯kʊ kɯ́/ | |||
| gloss = NEG 1SG.OBJ bike find can / 3SG.OBJ INFER TEL steal PST | |||
| translation = I can't find my bike. It <font color="green">must</font> have been stolen. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Mura tod kai <font color="green">namai</font> molas. | |||
| IPA = /mɯ́ɾɐ tʰʌ̀ kʰáɨ̯ námɨ mʌ́lɐs/ | |||
| gloss = forest CL(place) 3SG.SUBJ think be | |||
| translation = <font color="green">I think</font> he's in the forest. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Rente tola ti pinokas lâm li <font color="green">palai</font> ne peste ku. | |||
| IPA = /ræ̰̀nt͡ɕe tʰʌ́lɐ t͡ɕí p͡çɯ̰́kɐs làm ʎí pʰálɨ ɲé p͡çèɕːe kɯ́/ | |||
| gloss = monkey all PL banana 1PL.INCL.OBJ of HS TEL eat PST | |||
| translation = <font color="green">They say</font> a monkey ate all our bananas. | |||
}} | |||
===Tense and aspect=== | |||
===Mood=== | |||
===Speaker's opinion=== | |||
===Compound verbs=== | |||
==Word order== | ==Word order== | ||