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{{Infobox language | |||
|image = | |||
|imagesize = | |||
|creator = [[User:iancgil|iancgil]] | |||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
|setting = | |||
|nativename = '''Dzetcavu'' | |||
|pronunciation=[dze.tʃa.vu] | |||
|region = | |||
|familycolor= | |||
|fam1= Proto-Dzetavu | |||
|fam2= | |||
|fam3= | |||
|famr= Dzetcavu | |||
|iso3= | |||
|script= | |||
|notice=IPA | |||
}} | |||
=Introduction= | =Introduction= | ||
=Phonology= | =Phonology= | ||
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!rowspan="2"|'''Plosive''' | !rowspan="2"|'''Plosive''' | ||
!voicless | !voicless | ||
|''' | |'''п''' /p/ | ||
|''' | |'''т''' /t/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''к''' /k/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!voiced | !voiced | ||
|''' | |'''б''' /b/ | ||
|''' | |'''д''' /d/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''г''' /g/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|'''Nasal''' | !colspan="2"|'''Nasal''' | ||
|''' | |'''м''' /m/ | ||
|''' | |'''н''' /n/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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!voiceless | !voiceless | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''ф''' /f/ | ||
|''' | |'''с''' /s/ | ||
|''' | |'''ш''' /ʃ/ | ||
|'''x''' /x/ | |'''x''' /x/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!voiced | !voiced | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''в''' /v/ | ||
|''' | |'''з''' /z/ | ||
|''' | |'''ж''' /ʒ/ | ||
|''' | |'''я''' /ɣ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|'''Trill''' | !colspan="2"|'''Trill''' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''р''' /r/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''л''' /l/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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!rowspan="2"|'''Affricate''' | !rowspan="2"|'''Affricate''' | ||
!voiceless | !voiceless | ||
|''' | |'''пс''' /ps/ <br/> '''пш''' /pʃ/ <br/> '''пф''' /pf/ | ||
|''' | |'''тс''' /ts/ <br/> '''тш''' /tʃ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''кс''' /ks/ <br/> '''кш''' /kʃ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!voiced | !voiced | ||
|''' | |'''бз''' /bz/ <br/> '''бж''' /bʒ/ <br/> '''бв''' /bv/ | ||
|''' | |'''дз''' /dz/ <br/> '''дж''' /dʒ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''гз''' /gz/ <br/> '''гж''' /gʒ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Vowels== | ==Vowels== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!'''Close''' | !'''Close''' | ||
|''' | |'''и''' /i/ | ||
|''' | |'''у''' /u/ | ||
|''' | |'''уи''' /ui/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Near-Close''' | !'''Near-Close''' | ||
|''' | |'''й''' /ɪ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|'''e''' /e/ | |'''e''' /e/ | ||
|'''o''' /o/ | |'''o''' /o/ | ||
|''' | |'''eи''' /ei/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Open''' | !'''Open''' | ||
|'''a''' /a/ | |'''a''' /a/ | ||
| | | | ||
|''' | |'''aи''' /ai/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==Romanized Alphabet== | ==Romanized Alphabet== | ||
''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/> | ''Dzetcavu Alphabetical Order''<br/> | ||
p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a | p b t d k g m n r f v s z c j x ğ l i u ī e o a<br/> | ||
''Cyrillic Alphabet''<br/> | |||
п б т д к г м н р ф в с з ш ж х я л и у й е о а | |||
=Syntax= | =Syntax= | ||
==Word Order== | ==Word Order== | ||
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==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||
===Tense=== | ===Tense=== | ||
Tenses in | Tenses in Дзетшаву are indicated by tense particles proceeding the verb except for the present tense, indicated by the lack of tense particles . There are five tense particles: past, near past, future, near future, and the infinite. | ||
'''''Past'''''<br/> | '''''Past'''''<br/> | ||
псио<br/> | |||
'''''Near Past'''''<br/> | '''''Near Past'''''<br/> | ||
сега<br/> | |||
'''''Future'''''<br/> | '''''Future'''''<br/> | ||
дегз<br/> | |||
'''''Near Future'''''<br/> | '''''Near Future'''''<br/> | ||
шодз<br/> | |||
'''''Infinite'''''<br/> | '''''Infinite'''''<br/> | ||
датшй | |||
====The Infinite Particle==== | ====The Infinite Particle==== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st Person | ! 1st Person | ||
| - | | -и | ||
| - | | -иаш | ||
| - | | -ри | ||
| - | | -риш | ||
| - | | -ни | ||
| - | | -ниш | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd Person | ! 2nd Person | ||
| - | | -из | ||
| - | | -ита | ||
| - | | -риз | ||
| - | | -рита | ||
| - | | -низ | ||
| - | | -низа | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person | ! 3rd Person | ||
| - | | -иза | ||
| - | | -изев | ||
| - | | -ризе | ||
| - | | -рив | ||
| - | | -низе | ||
| - | | -нив | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st Person | ! 1st Person | ||
| - | | -у | ||
| - | | -уйш | ||
| - | | -ру | ||
| - | | -руш | ||
| - | | -ну | ||
| - | | -нуш | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd Person | ! 2nd Person | ||
| - | | -уз | ||
| - | | -утй | ||
| - | | -руз | ||
| - | | -рут | ||
| - | | -нуз | ||
| - | | -нут | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person | ! 3rd Person | ||
| - | | -узй | ||
| - | | -узйв | ||
| - | | -рузй | ||
| - | | -рув | ||
| - | | -нузй | ||
| - | | -нув | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st Person | ! 1st Person | ||
| - | | -й | ||
| - | | -йш | ||
| - | | -рй | ||
| - | | -рйш | ||
| - | | -нй | ||
| - | | -нйш | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd Person | ! 2nd Person | ||
| - | | -йз | ||
| - | | -йт | ||
| - | | -рйз | ||
| - | | -рйт | ||
| - | | -нйз | ||
| - | | -нйт | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person | ! 3rd Person | ||
| - | | -йзе | ||
| - | | -йв | ||
| - | | -рйзе | ||
| - | | -рйв | ||
| - | | -нйзе | ||
| - | | -нйв | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1st Person | ! 1st Person | ||
| - | | -е | ||
| - | | -eш | ||
| - | | -рe | ||
| - | | -рeш | ||
| - | | -нe | ||
| - | | -нeш | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2nd Person | ! 2nd Person | ||
| - | | -eз | ||
| - | | -eта | ||
| - | | -рeз | ||
| - | | -рeт | ||
| - | | -нeз | ||
| - | | -нeт | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3rd Person | ! 3rd Person | ||
| - | | -eзe | ||
| - | | -eзeв | ||
| - | | -рeзe | ||
| - | | -рeв | ||
| - | | -нeзe | ||
| - | | -нeв | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
===Pronominal Open Class Words=== | |||
Dzetcavu doesn't have any official pronouns. Instead, titles or a person's name are used to refer to who is being spoken to or about. The person that each title is under doesn't have to be used strictly in that person. | |||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle" | |||
! Title !! Formality !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"|First Person | |||
|- | |||
|хес || general || "speaker" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"|Second Person | |||
|- | |||
|баи || general || "audience" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically | |||
|- | |||
|инес || informal || "acquaintance" | |||
|- | |||
|бвйртош || private || "female-mate" used to refer to a female companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with | |||
|- | |||
|аджутош || private || "male-mate" used to refer to a male companion that the speaker would or has reproduced with | |||
|- | |||
!colspan="3"|Third Person | |||
|- | |||
|тушт || general || "person" used when one doesn't know the person or is speaking hypothetically | |||
|- | |||
|гоис || general || "thing" best approximation of "it" and is used to anything without a consciousness including objects, and ideas | |||
|- | |||
|йска || general || "thing" used to refer to anything with a consciousness such as people and animals | |||
|- | |||
|епсй || general || "object" used to refer to some physical object | |||
|} | |||
=Sample Texts= | =Sample Texts= | ||
==Sentences== | |||
Tezu pcak.<br/>Тезу пшак.<br/>''“I see [the] sky.”''<br/><br/> | |||
Vakri datcī bai.<br/>Вакри датшй баи.<br/>''“I love you.” (declaration)''<br/><br/> | |||
Tezu xes.<br/>Тезу хес.<br/>''“I see myself.”''<br/><br/> | |||
Vakri nosītc xesdev bai.<br/>Вакри носйтш хесдев баи.<br/>''“I love you with my heart.”''<br/><br/> | |||
Vakri xesov.<br/>Вакри хесов.<br/>''“I love us.”''<br/><br/> | |||
Tezu lubzīr xesdev.<br/>Тезу лубзйр хесдев.<br/>''“I see my nose.”''<br/><br/> | |||
Modkrī tezuj bai.<br/>Модкрй тезуж баи.<br/>''“I am wishing to see you”.''<br/><br/> | |||
Adric tceks.<br/>Адриш тшекс.<br/>''“We are drinking water.”''<br/><br/> | |||
[[Category: Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Dzetcavu Language]][[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]] |
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