Verse:Irta/Naeng

Phylogeny

Proto-Naengic	Proto-Jottic Trây Mèkk Proto-Meir Bỏr

Proto-Naengic

• Syllable structure: (C)(ə).(C)(C)V(C_f)[sʔ]
  • C_f is one of [mnɲŋptckrlswj]
• VSO and head-initial, of course
• The unmarked 'absolute state' marked the end of the noun phrase. 'Construct state' or the connective was marked with a clitic *-s.

Proto-Nängic consonants
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		*m	*n		*ɲ	*ŋ
Plosive	plain	*p	*t		*c	*k	*ʔ
	voiced	*b	*d		*ɟ	*g
	implosive	*ɓ	*ɗ		*ʄ
Fricative					*s /ç/		*h
Trill				*r
Lat. app.				*l
Approximant		*w			*j

Proto-Nängic vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	*i		*u
Mid	*e	*ə	*o
Open	*æ		*ɒ

Jottic

These languages are often affected by the areal *r > *ʀ sound change

PJott > Trây

• *s [ç] > [ʒ] / #_[+voiced], [ʃ] / otherwise
• *-s > [+phonation magic] > vowel changes and ablaut
• *w- > w [β] > [v]
• *ts-, *cs-, *ts- > *ss- > ß [s]
• *mC-, *wC- > wC- [vC-]
• *iiʔ, *ei, *aj > ei [ei] > [ai]
• *r [r] > r [ʀ]

PJott > Mèkk

• *hn, sn, hl, sl > *ɬ
• *-r > *-ŋ