Guide:IPA

Consonant charts

Pulmonic consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvelar	Pharyngeal/Epiglottal	Glottal
Nasal	m̥ m	ɱ	n̪	n̥ n	n̠	ɳ		ɲ̥ ɲ	ŋ̊ ŋ	ɴ
Plosive	p b	p̪ b̪	t̪ d̪	t d	t̠ d̠	ʈ ɖ		c ɟ	k g	q ɢ	ʡ	ʔ
Affricate	p͡ɸ b͡β	p̪͡f b̪͡v	t̪͡θ d̪͡ð	t͡s d͡z	t͡ʃ d͡ʒ	ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ	t͡ɕ d͡ʑ	c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ	k͡x g͡ɣ
Fricative	ɸ β	f v	θ ð	s z θ̠ ð̠	ʃ ʒ	ʂ ʐ	ɕ ʑ	ç ʝ	x ɣ	χ ʁ	ħ ʕ	h ɦ
Approximant	β̞	ʋ		ɹ		ɻ		j	ɰ	ʁ̞
Trill	ʙ			r		ɽ͡r				ʀ	ʜ ʢ
Flap or tap	ⱱ̟	ⱱ		ɾ		ɽ				ɢ̆	ʡ̯
Lateral fric.				ɬ ɮ		ɭ˔̊		ʎ̥˔	ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝
Lateral app.				l		ɭ		ʎ	ʟ
Lateral flap				ɺ		ɺ̠		ʎ̯

Non-pulmonic consonants

Ejectives

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Alveolo-palatal	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Epiglottal	Glottal
Plosive	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ		cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
Affricate	p͡ɸʼ	p̪͡fʼ			t͡ʃʼ	ʈ͡ʂʼ	t͡ɕʼ	c͡çʼ	k͡xʼ
Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	çʼ	xʼ	χʼ

Vowel chart

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i y		ɨ ʉ		ɯ u
Near-close		ɪ ʏ	ɪ̈ ʊ̈	ʊ
Close-mid	e ø		ɘ ɵ		ɤ o
Mid	e̞ ø̞		ə		ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid	ɛ œ		ɜ ɞ		ʌ ɔ
Near-open	æ		ɐ
Open	a ɶ		ä		ɑ ɒ

Here is another version of the vowel chart:

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
Close	i • y ɨ • ʉ ɯ • u ɪ • ʏ ɪ̈ • ʊ̈ • ʊ e • ø ɘ • ɵ ɤ • o e̞ • ø̞ ə ɤ̞ • o̞ ɛ • œ ɜ • ɞ ʌ • ɔ æ • ɐ a • ɶ ä ɑ • ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open